New
syllabus
2022-23
Chapter
11
Strings
String
String is a sequence of characters,which is
enclosed between either single (' ') or double
quotes (" "), python treats both single and
double quotes same.
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String
Creating String
Creation of string in python is very
easy.
e.g.
a=‘Computer Science'
b=“Informatics Practices“
Accessing String
Elements e.g. OUTPU
str='Computer Sciene' T
print('str-', str) Computer Sciene
print('str[0]-', str[0]) C
print('str[1:4]-', str[1:4]) omp
print('str[2:]-', str[2:]) mputer Sciene
print('str *2-', str Computer ScieneComputer Sciene'
*2 )
print("str +'yes'-", str Computer Scieneyes
+'yes')
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String
Iterating/Traversing through string
Each character of the string can be accessed sequentially
C
for loop.
using o
m
p
e.g.
u
t
e
str='Computer Sciene‘ OUTPUT r
S
for i in
c
str: i
print(i)
e
n
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String
Iterating/Traversing through string
Each character of the string can be accessed sequentially
C
for loop.
using
e.g.
name = ‘superb’
OUTPUT
for ch in name:
print(ch,’-’,end=“ “ )
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Program to read a string and display it in reverse
order. Display one character per line
String
str = input("Enter string")
length = len(str)
for i in range(length-1,-1,-1):
print(str[i])
C
Program to read a string and display it in form
First character last character
Second character second last character
str = input("Enter string")
length = len(str)
i=0
for r in range(length-1,-1,-1):
print(str[i], “ “, str[r])
i += 1
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String
String operations
Concatenation + adding 2 strings
5+3=
‘5’ + ‘3’ =
‘5’ + 3
String Replication
3 * “come” =
“1” * 2 =
2*3=
“2” * 3 =
“2” * “3” =
String
sub = “ help”
string = “helping hand”
sub2 = “HELP”
sub in string
sub2 in string
sub not in string
sub2 not in string
String
String comparison
We can use ( > , < , <= , <= , == , != ) to compare two strings.
Python compares string lexicographically i.e using ASCII value
of the characters.
Suppose you have str1 as "Maria" and str2 as "Manoj" . The
first two characters from str1 and str2 ( M and M ) are
compared. As they are equal, the second two characters are
compared. Because they are also equal, the third two
characters ( r and n ) are compared. And because 'r' has
greater ASCII value than ‘n' , str1 is greater than str2
e. .g.program OUTPUT
Fals
print("Maria" == "Manoj") e
print("Maria" != "Manoj") True
print("Maria" > "Manoj")
print("Maria" >= "Manoj") True
print("Maria" < "Manoj")
print("Maria" <= "Manoj") True
print("Maria" > "")
Fals
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String
Determining ordinal or Unicode value of a character
Syntax
ord(single-character)
Syntax
chr(ordinal-value)
chr(65)
ord(‘A’)
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String
Updating Strings
String value can be updated by reassigning another value
in it. e.g.
var1 =
'Comp Sc'
var1 = var1[:7] + ' with Python'
print ("Updated String :- ",var1 )
OUTPUT
Comp Sc with Python
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String Slicing
Refers to the part of the string sliced using range of indices
word = “amazing”
word[0:7]
word[0:3]
word[2:5]
word[-7:-3]
word[-5:-1]
Note : Character at last index(given after :) is not included
String Slicing
Refers to the part of the string sliced using range of indices
word = “amazing”
word[:7]
word[:5]
Word[3:]
Word[5:]
String Slicing
Refers to the part of the string sliced using range of indices
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
a m
word = “amazing” a z i n g
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
Specify third index – step count
Word[-3::] ‘ing’
word[1:6:2] ‘mzn’
Word[-3::-1]
‘izama’
Word[::-2] ‘giaa’
Word[4:8]
‘ing’
Word[-7:-3:2] ‘aa’ Word[7:10]
Word[::-1] ‘‘
‘gnizama’ Word[-1::-1]
Program to print the given string as palindrome or not
using string slicing
s=input(“Enter String”)
if(s == s[::-1]):
print(“Palindrome”)
else:
print(“Not “)
String
Triple Quotes
It is used to create string with multiple lines.
e.g.
Str1 = “””This course will introduce the learner to
text mining and text manipulation basics. The
course begins with an understanding of how text
is handled by python”””
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1. len() - length of the string argument
Eg: s = “Love” String Functions
len(s)
len(“Love”)
2. capitalize() – returns first letter capitalized
Eg: s = “love”
s.capitalize() #returns Love
3. count() – no of occurrences of the substring in
given string
Eg: s = “computer science”
s. count(‘e’) #returns 3
thisisatest’.count(‘is’,4) #returns 1 (4 –start)
‘thisisatest’.count(‘is’,6,10) #returns 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
T H I S I S A T E S T
4. find() – returns lowest index if found else -1
‘thisisatest’.find(‘is’) #returns 2
‘thisisatest’.find(‘is’,5,9) #returns -1
'thisisatest'.find(‘s’) #returns 3
5. index() - returns lowest index if found
else valueerror
‘thisisatest’.index(‘is’) #returns 2
‘thisisatest’.index(‘is’,5,9) #Valueerror.
'thisisatest’.index(‘s’) #returns 3
6. isalnum() – returns true if it is alphanumeric
str1,str2,str3,str4 = ‘345’,’py12’,’@#’, ‘ ‘
print(str1.isalnum(),str2.isalnum(),str3.isalnum(),
str4.isalnum()) #True True False False
7. isalpha() – returns true if the string is alphabetic
only
str1,str2,str3,str4 = ‘345’,’py12’,’@#’, ‘ ‘
print(str1.isalpha(),str2.isalpha(),str3.isalpha(),
str4.isalpha()) # False False False False
8. isdigit() – returns true if all the characters in
string are digits
print(str1.isdigit(),str2.isdigit(),str3.isdigit(),
str4.isdigit()) # True False False False
9. islower() – returns true if all the characters in
string are in lowercase # True False True
str1,str2,str3 = ‘aaa’,’345’,’aa12’
print(str1.islower(),str2.islower(),str3.islower())
9. isupper() – returns true if all the characters in string
are in uppercase
str1,str2,str3 = ‘aaa’,’AAA’,’Aaa’ # False True False
print(str1.isupper(),str2.isupper(),str3.isupper())
10. isspace() – returns true if they are only spaces
str1,str2,str3 = ‘ ‘, ‘a b’, “”
print(str1.isspace(),str2.isspace(),str3.isspace())
11. lower() – returns copy of the string in lowercase
str1,str2,str3 = ‘Ass’,’12a’,’eee’ # 'ass' '12a' 'eee'
print(str1.lower(),str2.lower(),str3.lower())
# 'ASS' '12A' 'EEE'
12. upper() – returns copy of the string in uppercase
print(str1.upper(),str2.upper(),str3.upper())
13. lstrip(),rstrip(),strip()
“ python”.lstrip() python
“python “.rstrip()
“ python “.strip()
14. startswith(), endswith() – returns true/false
“abcd”.startswith(“ab”) True
“abcd”.startswith(“cd”) False
“abcd”.endswith(“cd”) True
“abcd”.endswith(“ab”) False
15. title() – returns title case(first letter of each word)
of the given string This Is A Test
“this is a test”.title()
16. istitle() – returns true if string in title case
“This is a Test”.istitle() False
17. replace(old,new) – returns original/replaced
string
“Hello”.replace(“e”,”a”) # Hallo
“Hello”.replace(“a”,”e”) Hello
18. join() – joins a string/character between
members of the string
“*”.join(“Hello”) returns “H*e*l*l*o”
' '.join('This is a Test') returns 'T h i s i s a T e s t
19. split() – split given string and return list of
strings splitted
“I love python”.split()
returns [“I”,”love”,”python”]
“I love python”.split(“o”)
returns [“I l”,”ve pyth”,”n”]
20. partition() – Always split at first occurrence
and returns tuple of 3 items
1. part before separator
2. separator itself
3. part after separator
Eg
t = “I learn python”
t.partition(“learn”) (“I”,”learn”,”python”)
t.split(“learn”) [“I “,”python”]
t.split() [“I”,”learn”,”python” ]
t.partition(“ “) (“I “, ‘ ‘, ” learn python”)
Split() Partition()
Always returns list Always returns
of split substrings tuple of 3 members
Split() splits at every Partition only splits
occurrence of the based on first
given argument occurence
t="aeiouaeiou"
t.split("e")
['a', 'ioua', 'iou']
t.partition("e")
('a', 'e', 'iouaeiou')
reversed()
Returns an iterable object
reversed(“hello”)
<reversed object at 0x000002973BFB5990>
for i in reversed('Hello'):
print(i,end="")
1. Program to count no of uppercase, alphabets,
symbols, lowercase and no of digits
2. Program to count no of words in a given line
3. Program to count no of vowels in a given sentence
4. Python program to print even length words
in a string
5. Program to print the following pattern
INDIA
INDI
IND
IN
I
