Review

Let’s recall what you have learned

from the previous lesson about
the types of media. Match the
sample media in column A to the
types of media in column B.
Review
Presentat
ion of
Poster
(Headlin
es)
Rubric
How Well Do You
Know?
How well do you know our
indigenous groups? Identify
the tribe known for the
practices below.
How Well Do You
Know?
 Processing
Questions
• What is the source of the
information mentioned above?
• How are these sources of
information classified?
Remember
Me?
Identify the tribe or
indigenous group in
the given illustrations
or pictures.
Atis of
Hanunuo
Aetas
Igorot
Lumad
Badjaos
Hiligayno
Ctrl C,
Action
 Media
and
Informati
 Media and
Information
In searching Sources
for information, one needs
help in locating appropriate and reliable
sources while also having access to them.
There are three main sources of
information: indigenous knowledge,
libraries, and the Internet. In many
instances, sources of information are also
classified as primary, secondary, and
tertiary.
 Indigenous
Knowledge
Indigenous knowledge is the distinctive
knowledge kept to a specific group of
people. Local knowledge, folk
knowledge, people’s knowledge,
traditional wisdom, or traditional
science are other terms used for it
(Senanayak, 2006).
 Indigenous
Knowledge
Communities generate and
transmit this knowledge in certain
periods to be able to adjust to their
agricultural, ecological, and socio-
economic environments
(Fernandez, 1994).
 Indigenous
Knowledge
According to Brouwers (1993), indigenous
knowledge is “generated through a
systematic process of observing local
conditions, experimenting with solutions,
and readapting previously identified
solutions to modified environmental, socio-
economic and technological situations.”
 Indigenous
Knowledge
Indigenous knowledge is
transferred from one generation to
another, either orally (oral
tradition) or through cultural
rituals. Oral traditions involve
legends, folktales, epics, myths,
and folk songs.
 Indigenous
Knowledge
Dewalt (1994) identified certain
features of indigenous
knowledge that are highly
relevant in conservation and
sustainable growth:
 Indigenous
Knowledge
• Locally appropriate.
• Restraint in resource exploitation.
• Diversified production systems.
• Respect for nature.
• Human dependence on nature for
survival.
• Flexibility.
• Social responsibility.
 Library
As defined in Cambridge Dictionary, A
library is “a building, room, or
organization that has a collection,
especially of books, music, and
information that can be accessed by
computer for people to read, use, or
borrow.”
 Library
Most libraries offer the following services:
• User services function in linking people to the information
they are looking for.
• Technical services function in gathering, cataloging, and
preparing library materials.
• Computer services function in maintaining databases,
software programming, web page design, and computer
hardware maintenance in the library.
• Administrative services function in managing the library and
services, conveying contracts with sellers, supervising library
employees, and preparing budgets.
 Library
Libraries are classified as academic, public,
school, and special.
• Academic libraries serve colleges and
universities.
• Public libraries serve cities and towns of all
types.
• School libraries serve students from
Kindergarten to Grade 12.
• Special libraries are located in specific
environments (e.g., hospitals, corporations,
museums, military, private business).
 Internet
As defined in the Oxford Dictionary, the
Internet is “a global computer network
providing a variety of information and
communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using
standardized communication
protocols.”
 Internet
Essays, UK (2018) describes the
internet as a “network of
networks” consisting of millions
of smaller domestic, academic,
business, and government
networks.
 Internet
Internet is also defined as the
“worldwide publicly accessible network
of interconnected computer networks
that transmit data by packet switching
using the standard Internet Protocol
(IP)” (Merriam Dictionary).
 Internet
It transmits information stored in files or
documents on one computer to another
computer. It transfers together several
information and services, such as file
transfer, electronic mail, interlinked web
pages, online chat, and other documents of
the World Wide Web.
 Other
Classification
of
Information
Sources
 Primary
Sources
Primary sources refer to “original materials.”
These are materials from a certain period of
time that have not been filtered, modified
through analysis, interpretation, or evaluation.
Also, primary sources are the bases of other
researches. They are commonly the raw
products of written texts (print or electronic
format).
 Artifact
It refers to something made or
created by humans, such as a
tool or a work of art, especially
an object of archaeological
interest.
 Diary
It is a record with distinct entries
organized by date reporting on daily
activities or other periods. It can be
personal, which may include a
person's experiences, thoughts,
and/or feelings.
 Patent
This is the granting of a right to an inventor
by a sovereign authority. This grant affords
the inventor exclusive rights to the
patented process, design, or invention for a
designated period in exchange for a
comprehensive disclosure of the invention.
 Audio/Video
Recording
Audio/Video Recording is a primary source
of information because it captures original
events, conversations, or performances as they
happen. These recordings provide direct
evidence and are unfiltered by interpretation,
making them valuable for research,
documentation, and historical reference.
 Other Examples
Other examples of primary sources include e-mails,
interviews, journal articles, letters, minutes of
meetings, conferences and symposia, newspaper
articles, original documents (e.g., birth certificate,
marriage certificate), photographs, records of
organizations, research survey results, speeches,
works of art, literature, architecture, and music, and
websites.
 Secondary
Sources
Compared to primary sources, secondary sources
are not easily defined. Generally, written after an
original product, they usually aim to give reflection
or analysis. In short, they are analyses,
interpretations, and evaluations of primary sources.
Secondary sources are not proof, but rather
explanation on and discussion of evidence.
Secondary sources may be classified as index type,
survey type, and reference type.
 Indexes
Indexes are typically found as
one or more individual volumes at
the end of a set. Examples are
index, bibliography, indexing
periodicals, and abstracting
periodicals.
 Survey Type
Survey type involves the product
of examination or description of
someone or something. Examples
are reviews, treatises, and
monographs.
 Reference Type
The reference type consists of
materials collected from others’
works such as encyclopedia,
dictionary, handbook, manual and
critical tables.
 Tertiary Sources
Tertiary sources are commonly confused with
secondary sources. Tertiary sources involve
information that collects and organizes primary
and secondary sources. Tertiary sources
include bibliographies of bibliographies,
directories and yearbooks, guides to literature,
and lists of research in progress.
You Belong with
Me!
Write P for
Primary, S for
Secondary, and T for
Tertiary sources of
information.
You Belong with
1. A diaryMe! P
entry from a World War II soldier
2. A textbook summarizing climate change
research S
T
3. A bibliography of books about Jose Rizal
4. A newspaper article reporting a recent P
event
S
5. A documentary analyzing the history of
martial law
 Text Me!
Read the texts
below and work on
the activity that
follows.
 Shoot-Case!
You are challenged to create a video clip
showcasing your community. You will
explore its history and culture by
interviewing the elders within your
community, making them your source of
indigenous knowledge or primary source
of information. To validate the information
you have gathered, you can also use other
sources (secondary, tertiary, library,
internet).
 Rate Me!
Using one word, describe
the knowledge learned
from the previous lesson.
Explain the answer.
Presentat
ion of the
Activity
(Shoot-
Case)
Rubric
 What I Have
Learned
Ponder on the following
questions:
1.Why and how should we
preserve indigenous
knowledge?
2.Why is it necessary to
determine the source of
information?
Than
k
You!