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AB-Fuzzy Logic - Logic Operations

Fuzzy logic allows for partial truth values between completely true and completely false. It deals with fuzzy sets whose elements have degrees of membership. There are three main operations on fuzzy sets: 1. Union is defined as the maximum of the membership functions and represents a logical "or". 2. Intersection is defined as the minimum of the membership functions and represents a logical "and". 3. Complement is defined as one minus the membership function. These operations allow fuzzy logic to aggregate membership across multiple fuzzy sets in a way that resembles classic logic but is more flexible.

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97 views

AB-Fuzzy Logic - Logic Operations

Fuzzy logic allows for partial truth values between completely true and completely false. It deals with fuzzy sets whose elements have degrees of membership. There are three main operations on fuzzy sets: 1. Union is defined as the maximum of the membership functions and represents a logical "or". 2. Intersection is defined as the minimum of the membership functions and represents a logical "and". 3. Complement is defined as one minus the membership function. These operations allow fuzzy logic to aggregate membership across multiple fuzzy sets in a way that resembles classic logic but is more flexible.

Uploaded by

mahaputrah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fuzzy Logic

B. Logic Operations
London / 9 . 0 York New / 8 . 0
Chicago / 5 . 0 LA / 0 . 0
+ +
+ =
LA

Conventional or crisp sets are binary. An element


either belongs to the set or doesn't.
Fuzzy sets, on the other hand, have grades of
memberships. The set of cities `far' from Los Angeles
is an example.

The set, B, of numbers near to two is


or...

2
) 2 (
1
) (

=
x
x
B

| 2 |
) (

=
x
B
e x
0 1 2 3 x

B
(x)

A fuzzy set, A, is said to be a subset of B if


e.g. B = far and A=very far.
For example...
) ( ) ( x x
B A
s
) ( ) (
2
x x
B A
=

Crisp membership functions are either one or
zero.
e.g. Numbers greater than 10.

A ={x | x>10}


1
x
10

A
(x)
Criteria for fuzzy and, or, and complement
Must meet crisp boundary conditions
Commutative
Associative
Idempotent
Monotonic





Example Fuzzy Sets to Aggregate...
A = { x | x is near an integer}
B = { x | x is close to 2}



0 1 2 3 x

A
(x)
0 1 2 3 x

B
(x)
1



)] ( ), ( [ max ) (
A
x x x
B B A
=
+
Fuzzy Union (logic or)
Meets crisp boundary conditions
Commutative
Associative
Idempotent
Monotonic



0 1 2 3 x

A+B
(x)
A OR B = A+B ={ x | (x is near an integer) OR (x is close to 2)}
= MAX [
A
(x),
B
(x)]



)] ( ), ( [ min ) (
A
x x x
B B A
=
-
Fuzzy Intersection (logic and)
Meets crisp boundary conditions
Commutative
Associative
Idempotent
Monotonic





A AND B = A B ={ x | (x is near an integer) AND (x is close to 2)}
= MIN [
A
(x),
B
(x)]
0 1 2 3 x

AB
(x)





The complement of a fuzzy set has a membership function...
) ( 1 ) ( x x
A
A
=
0 1 2 3 x
1
) (x
A

complement of A ={ x | x is not near an integer}







) ( 1 ) ( x x
A
A
=
Meets crisp boundary conditions
Two Negatives Should Make a Positive
Monotonic
Law of Excluded Middle: NO!
Law of Contradiction: NO!





Min-Max fuzzy logic has intersection distributive over union...
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
x x
C A B A C B A + - + + -
=
since
min[ A,max(B,C) ]=min[ max(A,B), max(A,C) ]






Min-Max fuzzy logic has union distributive over intersection...
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
x x
C A B A C B A - + - - +
=
since
max[ A,min(B,C) ]= max[ min(A,B), min(A,C) ]






Min-Max fuzzy logic obeys DeMorgans Law #1...
since
1 - min(B,C)= max[ (1-A), (1-B)]

) ( ) ( x x
C B
C B
+
-
=





Min-Max fuzzy logic obeys DeMorgans Law #2...
since
1 - max(B,C)= min[(1-A), (1-B)]

) ( ) ( x x
C B
C B
-
+
=





Min-Max fuzzy logic fails The Law of Excluded Middle.
since
min(
A
,1-
A
) = 0
Thus, (the set of numbers close to 2) AND (the set of
numbers not close to 2) = null set
| = A A
U = + A A





Min-Max fuzzy logic fails the The Law of Contradiction.
since
max(
A
,1-
A
) = 1
Thus, (the set of numbers close to 2) OR (the set of
numbers not close to 2) = universal set





The intersection and union operations can also be used to assign
memberships on the Cartesian product of two sets.
Consider, as an example, the fuzzy membership of a set, G, of
liquids that taste good and the set, LA, of cities close to Los
Angeles
Juice Grape / 9 . 0
Juice Radish / 5 . 0
Water Swamp / 0 . 0
+
+
=
G

London / 9 . 0 York New / 8 . 0


Chicago / 5 . 0 LA / 0 . 0
+ +
+ =
LA






We form the set...
E = G LA
= liquids that taste good AND cities that
are close to LA

The following table results...
LosAngeles(0.0) Chicago (0.5) New York (0.8) London(0.9)
Swamp Water (0.0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Radish Juice (0.5) 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50
Grape Juice (0.9) 0.00 0.50 0.80 0.90

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