English for Academic and

Professional Purposes Quarter 2 – Module 1

Analyzes the Arguments Used by the Writer/s in

Manifestoes
Analyzes the Arguments Used by the Writer/s in
Manifestoes

Performance
Content Standards Standards
• understands the • presents a
principles and uses convincing position
of a position paper paper based on
properly cited
factual evidence
Objectives

define what a position paper is

identify the different categories of
manifestoes
Infer meaning from the arguments
Vocabulary List

Position Paper Manifesto Arguments

A type of A document publicly Reasons or the
academic declaring the position or reasoning given
writing that program of its issuer. It for or against a
presents one’s advances a set of ideas,
opinions, or views but it matter under
stand or can also lay out a plan of discussion —
viewpoint on a action. While it can compare
particular issue. address any topic, it most evidence, proof.
often concerns art,
literature, or politics.
 Writing a Position Paper

A position paper presents an arguable opinion about an issue. The

goal of a position paper is to convince the audience that your opinion is

valid and worth listening to. Ideas that you are considering need to be

carefully examined in choosing a topic, developing your argument, and

organizing your paper. It is very important to ensure that you are

addressing all sides of the issue and presenting it in a manner that is

easy for your audience to understand.

Your job is to take one side of the
argument and persuade your audience
that you have well-founded knowledge of
the topic being presented. It is important
to support your argument with evidence to
ensure the validity of your claims, as well
as to address the counterclaims to show
that you are well informed about both
sides.
 Directions: Read the text below and answer the
questions in a separate sheet of paper or in your
notebook.

Most people don’t get enough

sleep. We are a society that burns the
candle at both ends, a nation where
people stay up all night to study, work,
or have fun. However, going without
adequate sleep carries with it both
short- and long-term consequences.
In the short term, a lack of adequate sleep
can affect judgment, mood, ability to learn
and retain information, and may increase the
risk of serious accidents and injury. In the
long term, chronic sleep deprivation may lead
to a host of health problems including
obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and
even early mortality.
1.What is the main argument
discussed in the text?
2.What are the reasons presented to
support the main claim?
3.Do you agree with the statement
above?
 Reading latest articles such as those that
are printed on newspapers and even those
that are shown on the television is a must-
to- do thing that you should be concerned of
because it helps you be acquainted with what
is happening around you. This might give you
knowledge on the present societal and
political issues such as the dispute between
the government and the leftist and the
updates about the COVID- 19 Pandemic.
It might also give you idea on the
updates about the trends in literature
and the arts. Also, official statements of
essential individuals in our society must
also be given consideration. But how
would we know that you are reading the
right thing?

It is where you need to learn about

Manifesto.
Have you ever heard about a manifesto?
What Is a Manifesto?

• Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the

position or program of its issuer. It advances a set
of ideas, opinions, or views but it can also lay out
a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it
most often concerns art, literature, or politics.
Manifesto are generally written in the name of a
group sharing a common perspective, ideology,
or purpose rather than in the name of a single
individual.
• A manifesto is a written statement outlining what a
person or group stands for and how they plan to
effect change. These documents serve as long–
form thesis statements—they put forth personal
beliefs in the attempt to persuade others. It’s for
this reason you might hear the words “creed” or “
mission statement” as synonyms for manifesto.
• Manifestos come in a few different iterations. You can
use a political manifesto as a public declaration of
intentions to change the world at large, whereas a
personal manifesto might boldly state who you are and
who you hope to become. In any case, these documents
serve as valuable assessment tools—people can look
back on them to see how well their practical attempts to
change things for the better align with their initial goals.
What Is the Etymology of Manifesto?

• The British and American English word “manifesto” derives from the
Latin terms “manifestus” and “manifestum,” both of which mean
“obvious.” Over time, the Latin morphed to “manifesto” (“to make
public”) before changing again to a new word in Italian with the same
meaning: “manifestare.” Beginning in the seventeenth century,
English speakers borrowed the Italian word and returned it to the
Latin “manifesto,” using it to mean a written document that elucidates
beliefs and calls for change. The concept also translates into
Spanish as “manifiesto.”
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-a-
manifesto
Major Categories of Manifestos

• Goal
• List/Rules
• World

https://geoffmcdonald.com/four-types-manifestos/
Goal

A goal can be a manifesto when we share it with

other people. It’s public, it’s a declaration and it’s
about what we intend to have happen.
A classic goal is a New Year’s Resolution. A lot of
resolutions are made in the joy of New Year
celebrations and are soon forgotten. Generally,
they’re heavy on declaration and light on the action
needed to fulfil them.
List and Rules

Our second type of manifesto presents a list of goals and

set of rules for behaving within a specific context.
Some lists, like your shopping list or to-do list, are
declarations of your intent to perform certain tasks or buy
specific things
A bucket list is a list of experiences, achievements and
things you want to have happen before you kick the
proverbial bucket. Whilst you can keep this list to yourself,
it’s much better to share it with others so they can help
you fulfill your wish list. A bucket list is a simple form of a
manifesto and the ideal way to create your personal
manifesto.
Rules

The most famous example of this is

The Bible’s Ten Commandments. At a simple level, if you want
to pursue the Christian faith and live a good life then you need
to follow the ten rules or commandments. They suggest you
don’t steal things, don’t kill people and treat others as your
neighbor.
In the business world, a popular example is Stephen Covey’s
Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. It sets out seven
practices to repeat if you want to be more effective in your life.
 World

Our four type of manifesto aims to create a new world. It’s

not about simple rules, instead, it presents a vision for the
future.
One of the most famous moments in the US civil rights
campaign of the 1960s was
Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech. It’s a
manifesto declaring how King would like the world to be.
He describes a world where little black boys and little
white boys play together. King doesn’t present a list of
things to do and he doesn’t present a set of rules to follow.
Instead, he paints a picture of how things could be.
SOMETHING IN COMMON

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C_ _N __
How are these changes carried out with
just the use of written words?
It is when the author provides reasons
accompanied with evidences to prove the belief,
they wanted the reader to believe in or the so-
called arguments.
How will you know the arguments
presented?
A statement can only be considered an argument if it presents
proof or evidences, however if it does not, it is only a mere
opinion.

However, change can only be achieved if the reader fully

understands the argument that is accompanied with
evidences(reasons) that the author is trying to emphasize. To
do that, take a look at these steps below.
Steps in Analyzing an Argument

1.Briefly note the main assertion (what

does the writer want me to believe or
do?
2.Make a note of the first reason the
author makes to support his/ her
conclusion.
3.Write down every other reason.
4.Underline the most important reason.