Civil Engineering
"...to design and construct public works..."
Transformation
Practice of improving and maintaining the built and natural environment to enhance the quality of life for present and the generations to follow
Role of Civil Engineers
Designers and Builders of The Quality of Life.
Creators of the Civilised Society population Performers (on a world stage) as strategic thinkers and global managers Pillars of local Economies Creating and maintaining complex infrastructure in wealth creation Environment Providing solutions to the needs of a developing global
Geotechnical Engineering
Geomechanics
Environment
Challenge
Rock Mechanics Soil Mechanics
Effect is more pronounced
Foundations
Retaining Structures
Seepage/Slopes/Dams
Genesis Population Explosion Industrialization Sluggish and Dont bother approach Ignorance Human Greed Is a Philosophy put in practice to deal with under-ground environment & Problems associated with it
Waste Disposal Strategies Above ground storage No protection Protected by geologic materials
Av erage water table
Shallow trench burial Backfill Engineered geological materials.
B ackfill wet period av erage dry period
Deep Disposal with backfill retardation material Protected by highgeologic
Large boreholes 10 to 20 meters deep
Av erage water table B ackfill Unfrctured clay ey depos its W as te W as te B ackfill material Protectiv e Geologic material
Issues are
Ascertaining the quality of air, water, and land resources; Transport, use, and disposal of hazardous wastes water and wastewater treatment, and reuse.
Analysis and design of foundation systems, seepage control, earth dams and water resource structures, response of foundations and embankments to the ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES Man made industrialization/population explosion earthquakes/(& to some extent other natural calamities). Natural
Assessment of pollutants being discharged on/in the soil deposits (Disposal/Handling/storage)
Process by which the pollutants travel in geo-environment (Contaminant Transport)
Protection of ground water aquifers from contamination (Containment) Methods of cleaning the contaminated sites (Remediation) Methods of creating Value added products (Recycling & Reuse)
Hazardous wastes Physical, Chemical, Mineralogical, Electrical and Thermal characterization Geoenvironmental hazards: Natural and man made Recycle and Reuse of Industrial waste(s) Role of Geotechnical engineering in environmental protection Surface and subsurface contamination Characterization of contaminated ground Geoenvironmental site investigation Site assessment technologies
Soil-Water-Environment Interaction
The Natural Environment Geomicrobiosphere Man Made Environment Environmental Geotechnical Problems Understanding of Soil response to Environments (Short & long-term)
The Particle Energy Field Theory Requires knowledge from other Disciplines
Bacteriology Biology Climatology Geohydrology Geochemistry Hydrogeology Microgeology Physico-Chemistry Soil Engineering Toxicology Chemical Engg. Geophysics Mechanics Soil Science
The Natural Environment
Atmosphere Biosphere
Oxygen Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Hydrosphere Lithosphere Geomicrobiosphere Ecosphere
The Cycle of Nature
Man-made Environment
Solid
Agricultural wastes Human and Animal wastes Industrial wastes
Liquid
Mine wastesAcid mine waste (due to oxidation of Iron Sulphide (FeS2) or Pyrites to H2SO4) Nuclear wastes Construction Effects (Blasting/Dewatering/debris)
Soil Response to Environments
Soil structures (on/in/with) Pore fluid characteristics Soil-heat Soil-Chemical Soil Bacteria Soil-Root Soil-Electrical Soil-Liquid (water)
Basic concepts of Analysis
Most geotechnical projects occur in nature Long-term phenomenon
Soil is more sensitive and susceptible to environment than any other construction material Loading may greatly affect soil properties but not the only Parameter to be considered Think of other factors: Heat Moisture (wet/Dry) Pollution intrusion
Classical Soil Mechanics: Some flaws
Specific gravity and Atterberg limits are constant
Void ratio and porosity as indicators of soil deformation Water in the soil mass is mainly gravity water (need to consider Environmental water)
Flow through a soil mass is only due to hydrostatic potential (need to consider thermal/electrical/magnetic/chemical effects) Constitutive models are arbitrarily chosen. Stress-strain relationship
Soil Classification: Controlling Parameters
Grain-size distribution Soil Consistency (moisture content) LL PL PI % Passing #200 Sieve Specific surface pH in pore fluid Ion-exchange capacity Absorption & adsorption Thermal properties (Conductivity, diffusivity, specific heat) Dielectric constant (Electrical properties)
Present scenario (Parameters)
Proposed scenario
(Parameters)
www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dns
You are most welcome to Visit the laboratory
There are 2 types of buildngs construction 1. Isolation Construction 2. Vibration Suspension Construction Isolation consruction includes equipments to absrob seismic energy from foundation and prevent from shaking. Vibration suspention utilizes suspention equipment such as damper in wall to absorb seismic energy and prevent from shaking.
