BIOMEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
IMPORTANCE,DEFINITION-BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
• The waste produced by health care activities have a higher potential
for infection ,injury .Inadequate and inappropriate handling of health
care waste may cause serious health problems and environmental
pollution.
• Any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities or
during production or testing of biological ( biologicals-include
vaccines ,growth factors, immune modulators, monoclonal antibodies
,blood ,plasma products etc).Among health care waste about 10-25%
are hazardous and cause health risk-BIOMEDICAL WASTE
OBJECTIVES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
1.to reduce Infectious /hazardous waste
2. To reduce volume of waste
3.to reduce misuse/abuse of waste
4.to ensure occupational safety and health
5.to ensure beauty of nature
6.reuse items that can be recycled
7.recycle so that it can serve another utility item
SAFE BMW MANAGEMENT ENSURES
1.Cleanliness of hospital
2.Healthy environment-for hospital staffs and public
3.Prevent spread of diseases
4.Gives good impression of hospital management
5.Attract more patients/costumers
6.Generate revenue to Institution and to country
Environment Protection Act,1986.The rules says that
1. The rules apply to all who generate, collect, receive, store ,transport ,treat,
dispose ,handle BMW.
2. Biomedical wastes are generated during diagnosis,treatment, immunization,
research activities, involving human and animals.
3. Authorized person is the Operator of health care facility who has control over
the facility and has to deal with all aspects of biomedical waste management.
4. The Operator of health care facility has to ensure that BMW generated and
handled, are disposed properly and no harm or adverse effects occurs to man
and environment
5. They have to setup Incinerator, autoclave to treat BMW of schedule 1 and 5
Environment Protection Act,1986.The rules says that
7.BMW shall not mix with other wastes.The have to be kept in colour coded
containers and transported and disposed within 48 hours of its generation
8.When BMW are transported outside premises labelling procedures should be done.
9.Government of each state and union territory has to authorise an authority to
implement rules.
10.The Occupier of an institution who generate and handle BMW, shall apply to
prescribed authority in Form 1 and Should pay prescribed fees
11.The authority gives consent to grant or renew authorization for 3 years
12.Every Occupier has to submit a report in Form 2 by 31 st January every year
13.The authorized person should inform in Form 3 to prescribed authority if any
accident occurred during handling BMW.
Biomedical Waste Management Rules,
2016,
• Red Bag: Syringes (without needles), soiled gloves, catheters,
IV tubes, etc.
• Yellow Bag: Dressings, bandages, cotton swabs with body
fluids, blood bags, human anatomical waste, body parts.
• Cardboard box with blue marking*: Glass vials, ampules, other
glassware.
• White Puncture Proof Container (PPC)*: Needles, sharps,
blades.
• Black Bags: Non-bio-medical waste, including stationery,
vegetable and fruit peels, leftovers, packaging, disposable
caps, masks, shoe-covers, tea cups, cartons, sweeping dust,
Biomedical Waste Management Rules,
2016,
The rules also emphasize the importance of proper
storage, transportation, and disposal of biomedical
waste
Healthcare facilities are required to either have their own
treatment and disposal facilities or contract with
licensed common treatment facilities
The rules also stress the need for training and awareness
HEALTH HAZARDS CAUSED DUE TO BIOMEDICAL WASTES
1.Hazards from infectious waste and sharps-Pathogens can enter human body through
puncture,abrasion,cut in the skin.or through mucus membrane, by inhalation, or by ingestion.
Infectious disease spread through water, air ,soil, blood, body fluids.
Eg- un sterilized needle—HIV,Hepatitis B&C.Bacterias resistant to antibiotics and chemical
disinfectants are created by mishandling of biomedical waste.
2.Hazards from chemical and pharmaceutical waste-They can produce
intoxication,injuries,burns. Chemical s& Disinfectants used are often corrosive, highly toxic.
3.Hazards from genotoxic waste-Exposure to genotoxic waste occurs during its preparation,
handling, therapeutic use, disposal .They can enter our body through inhalation, skin
absorption, ingestion of food contaminated with cytotoxic drugs, chemicals ,wastes etc.
4.Hazards from radioactive waste-Symptoms after exposure to radioactive waste include-
HEALTH HAZARDS CAUSED DUE TO BIOMEDICAL WASTES
5.Public sensitivity-Especially anatomical wastes are causing sensitive visual impacts, bad
odour.
6.If BMW are not collected ,transported ,disposed off properly it leads to _Hospital
Acquired Infections (Nosocomial Infections)
7.Indiscriminate dumping of wastes –causes air ,water,soil pollution. Many disease
causing organisms are transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes,rats,rodents,flies etc.
8.Epidemics can result from – water borne,vector borne, air born infections
9.Burning of plastic waste result in emission of noxious gases, that can cause cancer.
10.Rag pickers –at risk of Tetanus.
NEEDLE DESTROYER MACHINE
BENEFITS
• Safe disposal
• Reduce waste
• Compliance with regulations
• Prevention of needle reuse
• Secure destruction
• Environmental benefits
• Cost effective
• Space saving
• Ensure safety of users, health care workers
STEPS FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
1.Collection- in plastic containers with lid with colour codes.A plastic bag has to
be kept so that waste are kept inside bag ,helps easy removal.
2.Source segregation-seperate waste into categories
3.Transportation-within hospital carried in covered containers to site of waste
treatment
4.Storage- daily waste collected in store room free of insects and rodents
5.Treatment- waste are made non-infectious by steam sterilization/
autoclaving/chemical disinfection. Reduction of volume by Incineration. Waste
are to be disposed properly ,other wise nuisance to public .Destroy needle,
TECHNIQUES FOR DISPOSAL OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES/DISPOSAL METHODS
1.Incineration
2.Chemical disinfection
3.Wet and Dry thermal treatment
4.Microwave irradiation
5.Land disposal
6.Inertization
7.Recycling
8.Worm composting
9.New technologies-Microwave irradiation, Plasma torch technology ,Gamma irradiation, Hydroclave, Pyrolator ,Bacterial
cultures, Electron beaming
STEPS FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
1.INCINERATION
• which result in reduction of waste volume,weight.It is a good method of waste
disposal where the wastes cannot be recycled,reused or dispose by landfill.
• 3 types of Incinerators
1) Double chamber pyloric incinerators-burn infectious healthcare waste.
2) Single-chamber furnace
3) Rotary kilns operating at high temperature-decompose genotoxic substances
and heat resistant chemicals.
STEPS FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
II )CHEMICAL DISINFECTION
kill or inactivate the pathogens .It is most suitable for treating liquid waste such as blood, urine
,stools, hospital sewage. Microbilological cultures ,sharps are disinfected with chemical before
incineration.
III)WET AND DRY THERMAL TREATMENT
IV)SCREW FED TECHNOLOGY
V)MICROWAVE IRRADIATION.
VI ) LAND DISPOSAL.2 types – land open dumps, Sanitary landfill..
STEPS FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
VII) INERTIZATION
• It is process of mixing waste with cement and other substances before
disposal.Inorder to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in
the wastes migrating into surface water or ground water.
VIII)WORM COMPOSTING
• Biodegradable waste like kitchen waste,food waste ,vegetable and
fruit peelings are collected in white containers.Ater 2-3 months it
becomes compost and used as manure
STEPS FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
IX)HYDROCLAVE
• treating infectious waste using steam,much faster and with more
penetration.
• Adv- treats nonpharmacological waste, all infectious wastes and
pathological waste
X)RECYCLING
• Waste and cardboard,Plastics,Metals ,Electronic
wastes,Glass ,Clothing and textiles ,Bricks and inert wastes
STEPS FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
DISPOSAL METHOD
ROTARY KLIN
PYLORIC INCINERATION
SINGLE CHAMBER INCINERATION
DRUM OR BRICK INCINERATOR
CHEMICAL DISINFECTION
WET THERMAL TREATMENT
MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
ENCAPSULATION
SAFE BURYING
INERTIZATION
THANK YOU
