Fan speed control based on Temprature

Presented by:
Y.RAKESH KUMAR REDDY
T.JOHN MOJESH
D.ABHI
G.VASUDHA
A.VIJAYALAKSHMI
CH.ANURADHA

Under the Guidance of

Mrs.Soujanya
 Outline
❑ ABSTRACT

❑ INTRODUCTION

❑ LITERATURE REVIEW

❑ OBJECTIVE

❑ EXISTING METHOD

❑ PROPOSED METHOD

❑ HARDWARE & SOFTWARE INVOLVED

❑ ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION

❑ REFERENCES

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 Abstract

This project introduces a temperature-based fan speed control system that

automatically modifies a fan's speed based on ambient temperature. By dynamically controlling fan speed, the
primary goal is to improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency. A temperature sensor is used by the system
to continuously measure the outside temperature. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or other control techniques
are used to adjust the fan speed when a microcontroller interprets the temperature data and produces a matching
control signal. The fan speed rises in response to temperature increases and reduces in response to temperature
drops. By avoiding needless high-speed operation, this clever solution not only saves energy but also
guarantees a peaceful and cozy atmosphere. The suggested solution is perfect for usage in commercial,
industrial, or residential settings and is reasonably priced and simple to apply.

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 Introduction

Controlling the temperature is essential to preserving the functionality and

lifespan of electrical systems and equipment. Fans, which aid in dissipating heat produced during operation,
are among the most widely used cooling techniques. On the other hand, constant full-speed fan operation
results in needless power usage and higher noise levels. A temperature-based fan speed control system can
be used to get around this problem. This mechanism automatically modifies the fan's speed according to the
ambient temperature. The fan speed increases to improve cooling when the temperature rises and decreases
to conserve energy when the temperature falls. Ambient conditions are measured using a temperature sensor,
like the LM35 or DHT11.

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 Literature Survey
Ref.
Title & Author Technique Used Pros Cons
No

Research of twist-bend forming and performance control of

Finite Element Method
1 titanium alloy wide-chord hollow fan blade under elevated Improved Formability Complexity
(FEM)
temperature

Experimental study on smoke temperature distribution and

Fire Dynamics
2 thermal-driven propagation in groove-like spaces under Enhanced Safety Scalability
Simulator (FDS)
different fan arrangements

Thermal comfort and perceived air quality (PAQ) using Automated Ceiling Fan Limited
3 Energy Efficiency
automatic ceiling fans in residential buildings Control Effectiveness

Examining the physiological strain with electric fans during

4 Statistical Analysis Improved Comfort Variable Benefits
high indoor heat stress

Control-oriented fan coil unit modelling for room dynamics

Simulation and Computational
5 considering dehumidifying cooling conditions and Improved Accuracy
Validation Requirements
indoor air quality

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 Motivation

For mechanical and electronic systems, adequate cooling is necessary to

preserve performance and avoid overheating. Conventional fans operate at a steady speed, which frequently
results in energy waste and extra noise. By modifying the fan speed in accordance with the real cooling
requirements, a temperature-based fan speed control system provides a more intelligent solution. This
prolongs the life of the fan and related parts in addition to saving electricity. It offers improved temperature
control, particularly for systems that run continuously. These systems are now simple to construct and deploy
thanks to the availability of inexpensive sensors and microcontrollers. The goal of this project is to create a
dependable, noise-reducing, and energy-efficient cooling system. This method works particularly well for
industrial applications, home appliances, and contemporary electronics.

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 Objective

1. Efficient Cooling: Maintain optimal temperature levels by adjusting fan speed.

2. Energy Conservation: Reduce energy consumption by optimizing fan operation.

3. Noise Reduction: Minimize noise levels by adjusting fan speed according to temperature.

4. Prolong Equipment Lifespan: Reduce wear and tear on fans and equipment by optimizing operation.

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 Proposed Method
A temperature sensor (e.g., LM35/DS18B20) continuously monitors the system temperature. The
sensor output is read by a microcontroller, which compares the measured value with predefined
thresholds. Based on the temperature, the controller adjusts the fan speed using PWM signals:At low
temperature, the fan remains OFF or runs at minimum duty cycle.As temperature increases, the duty
cycle (fan speed) is proportionally increased.At high temperature (above safety limit), the fan runs at
full speed to prevent overheating.Failsafe mechanisms (like running fan at 100% on sensor fault or
over-temp) can be added. This method ensures automatic cooling, optimized power consumption, and
reduced noise while maintaining system safety.

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 Existing Method

Conventional fan control systems generally use a thermostat or simple comparator circuit with a
temperature sensor (like an NTC thermistor or LM35). When the sensed temperature exceeds a preset
threshold, the comparator/relay switches the fan ON at full speed. Once the temperature drops below

the threshold, the fan is switched OFF.

This method is simple, low-cost, and easy to implement, but it only provides ON/OFF control without
speed variation. As a result, it often leads to higher power consumption, more noise, and less precise
temperature regulation compared to modern PWM or microcontroller-based proportional control
methods.

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 Block diagram

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 Explanation of Proposed Work
What is use:
Automatic Cooling – Keeps a system or room cool by switching on the fan only when temperature rises above a set
limit.
Energy Saving – Reduces unnecessary power consumption by turning the fan OFF when cooling is not needed.
Electronics Protection – Prevents overheating of electronic devices (e.g., computers, power supplies, amplifiers).
Home Appliances – Used in refrigerators, ovens, air purifiers, and AC units for automatic fan regulation.
Industrial Applications – Maintains safe temperature levels in machinery, control panels, and motors.
Automobiles – Used in car engines and batteries to prevent overheating.
Smart Homes / IoT – Integrated into smart systems for comfort and efficient energy use.
Medical Equipment – Keeps sensitive devices at a stable temperature for accuracy and safety.

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 How it Going to be used in your Project

1. Temperature Monitoring: A sensor (e.g., LM35/DS18B20) will continuously measure the

surrounding or device temperature.

2. Signal Processing: The sensor readings will be sent to a microcontroller for processing.

3. Fan Speed Control: Based on the temperature, the microcontroller will generate a PWM signal to
adjust the fan speed.

4. Automatic Regulation: The fan will remain off or at low speed at lower temperatures, and its
speed will gradually increase as the temperature rises.

5. Overheat Protection: At critical/high temperature levels, the fan will run at maximum speed to
prevent overheating.

6. Power Saving & Noise Reduction: By running only as needed, the system will save energy and
reduce unwanted noise.

7. System Reliability: Ensures consistent cooling, protects electronic components, and increases
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overall Review
system lifespan.
 Why You Choose and explain the advantages

The temperature-based fan control system is chosen because it automatically regulates fan
speed according to the surrounding temperature, ensuring effective cooling without manual
effort. This method saves energy by running the fan only when needed, reduces noise through
variable speed control, and provides better thermal management. It also extends the lifespan
of both the fan and electronic components by preventing overheating and minimizing
unnecessary wear. Overall, it offers a simple, efficient, and reliable solution for maintaining
safe operating conditions.

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 Hardware & Software Involved
 Hardware:
1. Microcontroller: Arduino Uno / Arduino Nano (or ESP32/Raspberry Pi if advanced)
2. Temperature Sensor: LM35 / DHT11 / DHT22 / DS18B20
3. Fan: DC fan (5V/12V) or AC fan (with relay)
4. Switching Device:
Relay module (for ON/OFF control)
OR Transistor/MOSFET (for PWM speed control)
5. Power Supply:
5V for microcontroller & sensor
12V (if using 12V DC fan)
Software:-
1. Read temperature from sensor
2. Compare with set threshold
3. Control fan (ON/OFF via relay or speed via PWM)
4. Display/log status (optional)
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 Application

Computer Systems – Controls CPU/GPU cooling fans to prevent overheating.

Home Appliances – Used in refrigerators, ovens, microwave exhausts, and air coolers for automatic cooling.
Industrial Machines – Maintains safe operating temperature in motors, transformers, and control panels.
Automobiles – Engine cooling fans operate automatically when engine temperature rises.
Power Supplies & Inverters – Keeps electronic circuits cool and prevents damage.
Medical Equipment – Ensures stable temperature in diagnostic machines and lab equipment.
Smart Homes & IoT Devices – Provides automatic climate control and energy savings.
Agriculture – Used in greenhouses or poultry farms to maintain a constant temperature.

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 Advantages

•Automatic Cooling: Adjusts fan speed according to temperature without manual control.
•Energy Efficiency: Saves power by running the fan only when needed and at required speed.
•Noise Reduction: Fan runs at lower speeds during normal conditions, reducing noise levels.
•Improved Temperature Regulation: Maintains stable and optimal operating temperature.
•Extended Fan Life: Reduces unnecessary wear and tear, increasing fan lifespan.
•Component Protection: Prevents overheating of electronic devices, ensuring system safety.
•User Convenience: Provides hassle-free operation with minimal human intervention.

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 System Architecture/Proposed work Block diagram

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 UML Diagrams (CSE & Allied)/DFD CSE & Allied / Prototype

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 References
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Understanding User Trust after Voice Assistant Failures (p. 16). ACM,
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2. Bélanger, F., & Crossler, R. E. (2011). Privacy in the digital age: A review of information privacy research in
information systems. MIS Quarterly, 35, 1017–1041. http: //dx.doi.org/10.2307/41409971, URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/41409971.

3. Burbach, L., Halbach, P., Plettenberg, N., Nakayama, J., Ziefle, M., & Valdez, A. C. (2019). ’Hey, siri’, ’ok,
google’, ’alexa’. Acceptance-relevant factors of virtual voice-assistants. IEEE International Professional
Communication Conference, 2019-July, 101–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PROCOMM.2019.00025.

4. Sohn, K., & Kwon, O. (2020). Technology acceptance theories and factors influencing artificial intelligence-
based intelligent products. Telematics and Informatics, 47, Article 101324.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.TELE.2019.101324.

5. Stephens, K. (2021). Telecom is dialing in voice assistants for superior customer service. URL:
https://www.soundhound.com/voice-ai-blog/telecom-is-dialing-in voice-assistants-for-superior-customer-service/

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 THANK YOU

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