EYE DISORDERS
Mr.SHIVALING D V
SDM T TERDAL
Entropion
It is a condition in which the eyelid margins
inwards . Either lower or the upper eyelid
may be affected
Eye ball causing irritation and discomfort in
the eye
Causes – weakening eye muscle with age ,
surgery trauma or chemical burn ,infection
in eye rubbing of eyes
Ectropion
It is a condition in which the eyelid margin
rolls outwards that is becomes inverted
It may occur in various degree the inner
surface is exposed and prone to irritation
Its common in older adults
Causes - Paralysis of facial nerve and aging
eye infection or eye injury
Ptosis
Ptosis is called drooping eyelid this
condition sometimes called lazy eyes
Weakness of the muscle responsible for
raising the eyelid it damage to the nerve
control those muscles or looseness of the
skin of the upper eyelids
Causes – normally aging , congenital
abnormality , injury ,exposure to toxins , dm
stroke, brain tumor
Conjunctivitis
It is redness and inflammation of the
membranes (conjunctiva) covering the
whites of the eye and the membranes on
the either part of the eyelids.
It is characterized by a pink appearance,,
pink eye because of subconjunctival blood
vessel hemorrhage it can occur one eye or
both
Pink eye does not cause any changes in
vision
It may be affected by
Exogenous – the causative agents are
introduced in the conjunctival sac from
outside agents may be
microorganisms,forign bodies,chemicals
Endogenous – there may be blood borne
infection or allergic response
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Staphylococci aureus,streptococci
pneumoniae,haemophilus influenzae and
chlamydia are bacteria that commonly
cause conjuctivitis
Acute muco purulent c.- it is most common
type acute bacterial conjunctivitis any
organism which affects the mucous
membrane anywhere in the body can aqlso
invade the conjunctiva
All bacteria
Acute purulent conjunctiva – this is an acute conjunctivitis where
the discharge is frankly purulent
It occurs in two forms – in adults caused by Neisseria
gonorrhoea and in the and in the newborn opthalmia neonetrum
Membranous conjunctivitis – it is a rare condition typically
caused by cornybacterium diptheriae and is characterized by
conjunctivitis with membrane formation on the conjunctivia
Pseudomemranous conjunctivitis – this is also conjunctivitis with
the formation of false membrane .it is caused by bacteria
angular conjunctivitis – this typically follow infection caused by
diplococci also called diplobacillary conjunctivitis bacteria
produce proteolytic enzyme which macertes epithlium of
conjunctiva , lid margin , skin surronding angles of the eye
UVEITIS
UVEITIS is a specifically refers to inflammation of
the middle eye termed as uval tract may refer to
inflammatory process involving interior of eye .
The uvea is made up of iris ,the ciliary body,
the choroid (layer of tissue that supports the
retina )
The inflammation usually caused a red
eye ,sometimes with cloudy vision it may be
painful
Etiology
Unknown
An injury to the eye ex; a ball hitting the
eye
Recent or previous eye injury
Certain types of infection
Autoimmune disease
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
HIV/ AIDS IMMUNE DEFICIENCY DISEASE
TYPES OF UVETIS
ANTERIOR UVEITIS – this is inflammation of
iris and the ciliary body only one eye is
affected .it is most common type of uveitis
Symptoms include – eye pain,redness of
eye,blurred vision ,a small
pupil ,photophobia ,black spots
These symptoms may be acute or chronic >
3 months
Intermediate uveitis
It is the second most common
type ,affecting the area just behind the
ciliary body and part of the retina
It affets the middle part of the eye and can
cause blurred vision ,floaters
Both eyes tend to be affected and usually
painless
It tends to occur in children , teenagers
Posterior uveitis
It affects the back of the eye where blood
vessels supply the retina
One or both eyes are affected it usually
painless
It causes a decreased vision and dark spots
It will damage more to eye than other types
of uveitis
it may be acute or chronic
Panuveitis
There is inflammation in the front and back
of the eye
It affects all parts of the eye it involves
combination of all three types of uveitis
Also called it will harms the eye as a whole
not just the uvea
Signs and symptoms
Blurry vision
Dark spots In vision
Eye pain
Redness of eye
Altered pupil size and shape
Photophobia
Tearing
Sever swelling in the eye area
Reduced quality of vision
d/e
A visual acuity test –snellen eye chart
Fundoscopic examination – visualization of
the retina using an instrument back part of
eye (fundus),retina , blood vessels
Ocular pressure test – measure the internal
pressure of eye –fluid pressure of the eye
A slit lamp examanination
Management
Control the inflammation and rlieve pain
Treat the underlying condition and
complications
With appropriate treatment uvitis will
disappear few days
Mydriatic eye drops – atropine it dilates the
pupil and this helps eye to heal
Steroids eye drops – it decrease the
inflammation of the iris – it will not used for viral
or bacteria condition
Immunosuppressant – it will suppress the bodys
immune system ex- cyclosporine ,methotrexate
Steroids tablets – prednisole
Antibiotics or antiviral drugs
Surgery – operation needed for to treat an eye
inflammation operation needed repeated cases
of uveitis gentle extraction of vitreous humor
(jelly like substance )
CATARACT
A cataract is a clouding that develops In the
crystalline lens of the eye or in its
Gradual painless burning
Loss of vision due to lens opacity
Vision that cloudy,blurry,
Nearsightedness
Decreased color perception
Decreased visual acuity
Poor vision at night
Double vision in the affected eye
Photophobia
Blurred images
White pupil
Diagnostic evaluation
Opthalmoscopy
Slit lamp biomicroscopy
Retinoscopy
Snellen visual acuity test
Penlight examination of pupil and lens
