Scribd
Upload
7 views8 pages

7) Cyclic Notation and Keys and Others

The document discusses cyclic notation and keys in the context of permutations of the alphabet, illustrating how to create a permutation using a key. It also describes a transposition method using a template to encode plaintext into ciphertext by systematically collecting letters through holes in a rotating template. The process ensures all letters are included in the ciphertext after multiple readings.

Uploaded by

raghavkankane07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views8 pages

7) Cyclic Notation and Keys and Others

The document discusses cyclic notation and keys in the context of permutations of the alphabet, illustrating how to create a permutation using a key. It also describes a transposition method using a template to encode plaintext into ciphertext by systematically collecting letters through holes in a rotating template. The process ensures all letters are included in the ciphertext after multiple readings.

Uploaded by

raghavkankane07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Cyclic Notation and Keys and

others
Cyclic Notation and Keys
• a b c d e f g h I j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z === Alphabets
• Q P A L Z M W O S K X E D C H R I F J V N T U G Y B == permutation/Key(unique)

• So cyclic notation of the permutation is--🡪


(aqisjkxgwunc)(bprfmdlez)(ho)(tv)(y) ===== ciphertext
• We start with the top-left symbol a. It corresponds to Q, q
corresponds to I, i corresponds to S, and so on, up to c, which
corresponds to A. This completes the first cycle. The second cycle
starts with the first letter (in alphabetical order) not included in the
first cycle. This is b, which corresponds to P, and so on, up to z, which
corresponds to B, thereby completing the second cycle.
The last cycle is (y), expressing the fact that y corresponds to Y in this
particular permutation.
Q) Find a cyclic permutation of the 26 letters.
==== It is possible to specify a permutation by means of a key. After
removing spaces and duplicates from the key, the remaining alphabet is
appended to it. Thus, the key PERMUTATIONS_BY_KEY yields the
permutation
• Abc d e fghI j k l mnopq r s tuvw x yz
• PERMUTAIONSB Y KCDFGHJ LQVWXZ
Transposition by Turning Template
• A square piece of cardboard is prepared, whose size equals the width
of six letters, and nine square holes are cut in it turning it into a grille
or a template.
The first 36 letters of the plaintext are arranged in a 6 x 6 square and
the template placed over it . The nine letters seen through the holes
are collected by rows and become the first nine letters ACEHPTWY6 of
the ciphertext.
• The template is then rotated 90° (clockwise or counterclockwise, but
encoder and decoder have to agree on the direction and use it
consistently) and the nine letters now showing through the holes are
appended to the ciphertext. The holes are arranged such that after
four such readings, all 36 letters under the table have been seen
through the holes and included in the ciphertext. The process is
repeated for segments of 36 plaintext letters and some random letters
may have to be added to the last segment to complete its length to
36.

You might also like