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Topic 5c-Microbiology of Water

Water microbiology studies microorganisms in aquatic environments, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Water can transmit various diseases, accounting for approximately 80% of infectious diseases, and these can be categorized into water-borne, water-washed, water-based, and water-related diseases. Prevention methods include proper hygiene practices, water purification techniques, and avoiding contaminated water sources.

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15 views11 pages

Topic 5c-Microbiology of Water

Water microbiology studies microorganisms in aquatic environments, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Water can transmit various diseases, accounting for approximately 80% of infectious diseases, and these can be categorized into water-borne, water-washed, water-based, and water-related diseases. Prevention methods include proper hygiene practices, water purification techniques, and avoiding contaminated water sources.

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frustratedcokie
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Microbiology of

Water
*Aquatic Microbiology
*Water microbiology is the scientific discipline that is concerned with
the study of all biological aspects of the microorganisms (bacteria,
archaea, viruses, fungi, parasites and protozoa) that exist in water.
*Study of microorganisms and their communities in water
environment is called Aquatic microbiology.
*The scope of Aquatic Microbiology is wide and includes the habitats
like planktons, benthos, microbial mats and biofilm which may be
found in lakes, rivers, streams, seas, groundwater, rain, snow and
hail.
*Role of Water in diseases
* H2O can act as a vector for the transmission of bacterial, viral and
protozoan agents which cause a variety of diseases (mainly intestinal)

* It can also be linked to worm invasions and viral/protozoan diseases


transmitted by insects (aquatic hosts or insect breeding in H2O -
indirect)

* Water is responsible for, by some estimates, approximately 80% of


all infectious disease not just waterborne diseases, but any disease
where water plays a role.
Water-associated diseases can be classified
under 4 different categories: -
1. Water-borne diseases
2. Water-washed diseases
3. Water-based diseases
4. Water-related diseases
* A. Water-borne diseases
• They are produce by ingestion of contaminated water.
• They are mainly enteric diseases.
• Classical H2O -borne diseases are mostly:
• Protozoal infection; Amoebiasis, Giardia
• Bacterial infection; cholera and typhoid fever (rare),
leptospirosis (rare), dysentry, E.coli infections.
• Viral infections; infectious hepatitis, poliomyelitis and SARS

• Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene. More common in


tropical, 3rd world countries where maybe water scarcity is
present.
• Intestinal and non-intestinal infections (Eye & skin diseases):
• scabies, Yaws, leprosy, conjunctivitis, other skin infections and
ulcers.
* 3. Water-based diseases
• Diseases caused by pathogens that have a complex life-cycle which
involves an intermediate aquatic host.
• All of these diseases are caused by worms, e.g.
Schistosomiasis caused by the Schistosoma worm which uses
aquatic snails as an intermediate host,

Diseases caused by pathogens carried by insects that live near H 2O


and act as mechanical vectors. Difficult to control and diseases are
severe.
• Yellow fever (viral disease) is transmitted by the mosquito
Aedes spp.
• Dengue (viral) transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti
(breeds in water);
• Malaria is caused by a protozoan (Plasmodium spp.) and is
transmitted by a mosquito (Anopheles spp.)
HOW TO PREVENT….?

 Always wash your hand before handling food especially


and after using toilet

 Wash your fruits and vegetable before use as it contain


harmful chemicals and microbes.

 Don’t drink water from river, lakes and ponds.

 Try to adopt healthy and good hygiene as possible


*Sedimentation
*Filtration
*Chlorination
*Additional treatment

*Water
Purification

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