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Seminar
On
Jet Engine
Submitted To: Submitted By:
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Index
1. Introduction
2. History of jet engine
3. Parts of jet engine
4. How a get engine works
5. Types of jet engine
6. Comparison of Turbo Jet
7. Jet engines Vs Rockets
8. Difficulties
9. Suggestion for improvement
10. Merit and Demerits
11.Jet engine uses
12.Conclusion
13.References
introduction
•Jet engine is
nothing but a gas
turbine.
•It works under the
principle of
Newton's 3rd law.
• it stats that “for
every acting force
there is an equal
and opposite
force”.
•Gas turbine
operates like toy
balloon.
History of jet engine
•The first jet engine was
built by Egyptian
scientists during 100 BC.
• These device was know
as Aeolipile.
•Dr.hans von ohain and sir
frank whittle were the
main developers.
Parts of jet engine
•Fan
•Compressor
•Combustor
•Turbine
•Mixer
•Nozzle
How a jet engine works
Jet engine move the airplane forward
with a great force that is produced
thrust and cause the plane to fly
very fast.
Fuel Burner
Air intake •Fuel is mixed with the air , and
•Sucked in by the compressor.
electric spark light the air, cause
it to combust.
Compressor
• series of vanes and stators. Combustion chamber
•The vanes rotate, while the •The air is burst.
stator remains stationary. •Increase in the temperature of
•Compressor speed and the air, thus increase in pressure
temperature increases inside the engine.
gradually .
Continued….
Turbine
•Works like a windmill
•The blades gain energy from the hot
gassed moving past them.
•This movement is used to power the
compressor.
Jet pipe and propelling nozzle
•the hot air rushes out the nozzle.
•High pressure
•Hot air russes out at very high speed.
TYPES OF JET ENGINE
•Ramjet
•Turbojet
•Turbofan
•Turbopro
p
•Turbosha
ft
RAMJET
•It has no moving parts.
•Its compression ratio depend upon
forward speed.
•It has no static thrust. Guided-missile
system , space vehicle use this type
of jet.
Turbo Jet
•The turbo engine is a reaction engine .
•Substantial increase in thrust can be obtained by
employing an afterburner.
Turbofan
•The objective of the
sort of bypass system is
to increase thrust
without increasing fuel
consumption.
•It achieves this by
increasing the total air-
mass flow and reducing
the velocity within the
same total energy
supply
Turboprop
•A turboprop is a jet
engine attached to a
propeller.
•Modern turboprop
engine are equipped
with propeller that
have a smaller
diameter but a large
number of a blades
for efficient operation
at much higher flight
speed.
Turboshaft
•It doesn't have a
propeller.
•It provide power for a
helicopter rotor.
•It permits the rotor speed
to be kept constant even
when the speed of the
generator is varied.
Jet Engine Vs Rockets
Jet Engine Rockets
Oxygen from atmosphere for Carry their own for combustion.
combustion.
Work only in atmosphere. Work in vacuum and atmosphere.
Liquid fuel. Liquid and solid fuel.
Complex structure. Simple structure.
High efficiency. Low efficiency.
Suggestion for
improvement
• Employ active cooling.
• Designing better materials and alloys which
retain strength at high temperature .
• Smart structures – Structure and material
which changes their shapes and properties in
flight.
• Design engines which switch from scramjet
to ramjet.
Merits and Demerits
Merits of jet engine Demerits of jet engine
over IC engine over IC engine
• Mechanical efficiency of •Thermal efficiency of jet
jet engine is high as engine is low compared to IC
compared to IC engine. engine.
•Weight and speed of jet •Difficult to start.
engine per HP developed
is higher then IC engine. •Turbine blades need a
special cooling system due
•Ignition and lubricating high temperature.
system are much simpler
in jet engine then IC
Jet engine uses
• The industry they’re most prominent in is the
transport industry ,where they are used to propel
aircraft, boats, and in some one of creations such as a
turbojet power truck.
•The first use of the jet engine was to power military
aircraft.
•The Bell P-59A Airacomet was also developed by the
Americans. They had a massive advantage over
propeller driver planes , in that they were much
faster.
•The General electric company used a “turboprop” jet
engine to run an electric generator.
•The jet engine is not only used on aircraft but on
boats , where water jet are used to propel the boat
Conclusion
•Normal type of jet engine is used to domestic
purpose i.e. Traveling , carrying goods etc.
•Ram and scram type of jet engine used in only in
defence sector. Because it travels at supersonic
speed and generally high level of training is
required.
•Since it travels at such a speed it is can not used
for travelling.
•So that common type of jet engines are very
common in use.
References
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.studymafia.org
THANKS
