UNIT-II

SMART MOBILITY
.
CONTENTS
Smart Mobility
OBJECTIVES & COMPONENTS
Roads,
Emerging Concepts & Strategies
ICT Supported Mobility system in
a)real time traffic information system,
b)Parking Information system ,
c)Car Bike Sharing system,
Modal Split,
Public Mobility –Vehicle & Transportation system
SMART
MOBILITY
…
 Need of smart

mobility
The number of cities with populations of one million rise to 50 in
2011 according to the Census of India, from 35 in 2001; this number is
expected to rise to 87 by 2031.
 with rapid urbanization in the country, and expanding city
limits
across urban areas, there is a growing need for smart transport
systems.
 For example, instead of construction traditional road capacity,
there is more reliance nowadays on using technologies to optimize

the
performance of existing infrastructure, ‘sweating the assets’, and
focusing
on positive operational outcomes and customer experience
Support for these technologies across all modes of transport is
expected to increase in future years given the limited budgets
 INTRODUCTION
 MOBILITY -The movement of people, ideas and things called
mobility

 SMART MOBILITY-If the thing achieved in a smarter (with

recent technology) is called as smart mobility.

 “Zero Emissions, Zero Accidents, Zero

Ownership.”

 IT plays c onnectivity is the enabler to achieve the

mobility is a functionality effic ient
Key Principles of Smart
Mobility
▶ Flexibility: Multiple modes of transportation allow travelers to
choose which ones work best for a given situation.
▶ Efficiency: The trip gets the traveler to their destination with
minimal disruption and in as little time as possible.
▶ Integration: The full route is planned door-to-door, regardless of
which modes of transportation are used.
▶ Clean Technology: Transportation moves away from
pollution- causing vehicles to zero-emission ones.
▶ Safety: Fatalities and injuries are drastically reduced.
 Smart Mobility
objectives
 Reducing pollution
 Reducing traffic congestion
 Increasing people safety
 Reducing noise pollution
 Assuring return costs
 Reducing
pollution
 Drive less

 Drive wise

 Choose fuel effic ient vehicles

 Optimize home deliveries

 Use effic ient lawn and gardening

equipment
 Reducing traffic
congestion
 Improvement in road Infrastructure

 Junction improvements
 grade separations
 reducing junctions
 bus lanes
 carpool lanes
 reversible lanes
 Adopting Technology
 Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) can help to guide traffic
via
 traffic reporting, variable message signs, navigation systems
 Reducing traffic
congestion
Flexible timings
This results in traffic distributed evenly so as to accommodate for heavy traffic
congestion. Government & companies should not work in silos instead should
collaborate & act.
Congestion charges
where you are charged automatically if you are visiting an already place.
crowded
Obviously carpool or rather Cab pool:
Thiswhich
carbon footprint not only helps more
is rather in reducing traffic
important. It'sbut
morealso results in 1/4th
professional & hasof
enormous potential to scale everywhere not Only developed cities.

May be higher taxes in case of 2nd car purchase

 Increasing people
safety
 A range of built in mechanisms protect occupants in a crash (airbags,
adaptive restraint systems),

 More control to the driver in emergency situations (anti-lock

braking systems and electronic stability control).

 In the years ahead, further technological breakthrough will come

through interaction between vehicles and the infrastructure, as well as
a higher uptake of vehicles equipped with active safety systems.
Reducing noise
pollution
 Noise levels has a very significant impact on the well-being of
local inhabitants and can even cause discomfort or have
serious health implica tions, depending on the levels they reach.

 The installation of sensors helps to both qualify and quantify different

sources of pollution in order to introduce appropriate solutions to
help reduce their impact.
 Assuring return
income
 Leverage taxes and payments for building permission to
create infrastructure for public parking lots connected
to public and personal transport

 Create road tolls with private investment Introduce public

companies to promote public-private investment and
give legal certainty to potential investors
SMART ROADS
Roads are the key resource for ensuring
good mobility which satisfy demands of all types of
transport and also add recreation value of the smart
city.
Roads for smart
city
In the smart city four types of roads are
built

30m wide ring road

24m wide central
street 12m wide
internal roads
10m wide pedestrian
30 m wide ring road
▶ All the external connections are mostly used
though these roads.

▶ Most Flexible and best preferable for

▶ interconnectivity between the cities.

24m wide central
street
 Smart
roads
 Typically, there is very little technology that goes into roads
 They tend to be made out of asphalt or concrete, which is
compacted into a smooth, solid surface and painted upon to
indicate certain restrictions, routes and information.
 Despite the many technological advances made to vehicles,
mobile devices, and cars, we see little change to asphalt roads.
 There are many things we can do to roads that can help innovate
and improve the driving experience, particularly when it comes
to road safety.
 There are also ideas to use roads to store solar energy from the
sun and to transfer that energy into electricity for homes.
 Glow In The
 DarkRather than
spend a large budget
on road lighting or
other lighting options
that span across
thousands of miles of
roads, the idea to use
glow in the dark road
markings is a better,
more adoptable
alternative.
Interactive
Light
 Interactive Light works in this
sense:
 – when a car approaches a
particular stretch of a road, the
motion sensors will light up
only that section of the road.
The lights will grow brighter as
the car comes closer and will
slowly dim away as it passes.
 – Interactive Light is perfect for
highways that are less-
travelled or not always
packed with cars.

 – Helps in saving a penny or two

and providing night visibility
as and when required.
 Wind-Powered
Lights
▶It works by harnessing wind
drafts
from passing cars into electric.

▶ The electricity will use to light up

the lights on the pinwheels,
basically lighting up the road
path.
▶ Since it requires wind to power
up, these wind-powered lights
will only light up as cars pass
by the area.
▶ For this to work, these pinwheel
generators will be set up along
the car’s path at the roadside,
to continuously light up paths as
 Electric Priority
▶
Lane
Another interesting idea by the
same studio is the Electric Priority
Lane where electric vehicles (EV)
user can charge up their
vehicle on the go.
▶ And they can do this just by driving
on the right lane.
▶ The Induction Priority Lane will
have embedded magnetic
fields that can charge the
vehicle while it is on the go.
▶ This is especially useful in countries
like Netherland, where there there
are a lot of EVs on the road.
▶ This will ensure that electric cars do
not require to look for charging
stations, and can even keep their
cars charged on long journeys.
 Solar
▶Roadways
Solar Roadways is an indiego-go
project that wants to install solar
panels on glass roads, complete
with LEDs and microprocessors.
▶ Glass is renewable,
environmentally friendly, and its
strength can be improved to be
even stronger than steel.
▶ Despite being glass, the surface
can be engineered for cars to be
able to stop safely even when
travelling at speeds of up to 80
mph – like on regular roads.
▶ The solar panel roads can even
melt snow during winter and of
course the solar energy
harnessed can be used to
power electrical needs.
 Emerging Concepts & Strategies

1. Land use urban form &mobility

2. Transit Oriented Development
3. More of Electrification
4. Use of Non Motorized transport
5. Smart Mobility is Knowledge driven
6. Institutions to Lead, Control & Coordinate
Land use urban form & mobility
Transit Oriented Development
Technology use to make vehicles
smart
▶ Enhanced Gesture C ontrol
▶ Augmented Reality Head-Up
Display
▶ Apps & Firmware Updates
▶ Sheet Thin Batteries
▶ C ommunication Between Vehicles
▶ Smart Fuel Saving Tips
▶ Perfect Integration With Smart
phones
▶ Long Term Evolution (LTE)
▶ Self-Healing Paint
 1. Enhanced Gesture
Control
▶ Multi Media Interface (MMI) vehicles

▶ enables drivers to input characters just by using a finger to

“write” on
the designated touchpad

▶ MMI touch just makes it a whole lot easier for you to access your
car’s functions while you’re driving
Augmented Reality Head-Up
Display
▶ Information like speed, navigation
details and even the name of an
incoming call with minimalistic designs
on windscreens.
▶ It’ll help us keep our eyes on
the road by giving us all the
relevant information without having
to look at a center console display
or our smartphones.
Apps & Firmware
Updates
▶ capable of running apps that are no less powerful
than what you have on your smartphone.
▶ For starters, there can be specialized apps for
certain countries or cities that
▶ could provide local information on restaurants, malls
or other places of interest for travelers.
Sheet Thin Batteries (Green
vehicles)
▶ As batteries used in existing electric cars are bulky and
heavy, manufacturers have to find a suitable place to put
the large amount of batteries, and at the same time,
ensure that the car is well balanced throughout.
▶ Batteries hidden in plain sight by replacing the
cosmetic parts of a car is used.
▶ These parts could be the panels throughout the car on
both the interior and exterior.
▶ No need to compromise on vehicle appearance
Communication Between
Vehicles
▶ C ommunication between vehicles doesn’t mean you
can call up the car in front of you and ask it to move
out of your way
▶ It’s more like machines communicating with each
other so that there’ll be smoother traffic and less
congested roads.
▶ This technology will also increase road safety
by reducing collisions between cars.
▶ For example, your car can warn you about a
car that’s
coming from your blind spot.
▶ If implemented correctly, this technology will
significantly increase road safety, efficiency, and
 Smart Fuel Saving
Tips
▶ Another cool feature to have in a ‘smart’ car is to have it give you fuel
efficiency tips or notifications while you’re driving.

▶ For example, it can notify you about a nearby gas station that has cheap gas
prices; so even if you still have half a tank of fuel left, it’ll suggest that you refill
now to avoid paying more at another gas station when you eventually run out of
fuel.
Perfect Integration With
Smartphones
▶ control your smartphone’s functionality through
voice c ommands or even buttons on the
steering wheel.

▶ Honda is taking a pioneering step by

integrating Apple’s Siri Eyes Free into their
upcoming car models.
Long Term Evolution
(LTE)
▶ Built-in GPS devices and get live traffic updates
▶ LTE would allow for better quality internet radio,
searching for a location using pictures and
faster loading of live maps
▶ LTE connection in a c ar can also turn the car
into a Wi-Fi hotspot for people on laptops
who are constantly on the go
 Major ICT Supported Mobility system
1. Real Time Information system
2. Automated fare collection system
3. Car/Bike Sharing system
4. Intelligent Signaling system
5. Real –Time Traffic monitoring system
6. Parking Information system
7. Interactive Journey planning for multiple modes
8. Automated Vehicle location System
 Real Time Traffic information system
Real Time Traffic Management systems manage traffic
behaviors in real time by utilizing a network of
technologies including sensors, smart cameras, GPS
and Bluetooth/Wi-Fi.

This can be used to efficiently reduce congestion, bottlenecks

and other traffic issues.
 Parking Information System
Parking Guidance Systems (PGS) are a form of technology that is
designed for drivers providing them with real time parking information.

A PGS is an advanced form of Car Counting or

vehicle detection technology that provides dynamic data to facilitate
vehicle circulation within a car park. Although these are typically seen in
multi-storey car parks, they can be used in different locations too.

These systems use a few different components to maximize their usage,

from communication to traffic monitoring, to Variable Message Signs
(VMS).

Being able to quickly and easily find a parking space

Public
transport
▶ Public transport is backbone of the
smart mobility

▶ Thus need to make as smart as possible

depending up on the future city growth
and individuals wisdom
Advantages of public
transport
▶ If strengthen the functionality in a
systematic
proper way
▶ Reduces traffic congestion
▶ Traffic time
▶ Safety
▶ Green Assures (less co2 footprint ),
▶ Improves economy of government and
many mor
▶ Meets the future city growth aspects
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
▶use of road space more efficiently
than private transport.
▶be less congestion on the roads and
the accidents will be less.
▶can travel with low cost.
▶the fuel is used more efficiently
MODAL SPLIT
 MODAL SPLIT

▶ The third stage in travel demand modeling is modal split

▶ A modal share also called mode split, mode-share, or modal split

▶ It is the percentage of travelers using a particular type of transportation

or

number of trips using said type.

▶ MODAL split is largely determined by availability of type of transport

▶ In freight transportation, this may be measured in mass,fraction,rato,or

percentage
Mode of choice depends
on
1.Travel
time
2.Traverl
cost
3. Socio
economic
status of
user
4. Level of
Types of modal split
models
▶ Trip-end modal split model
▶Trip-interchange modal split
models
 Trip-end modal split
model
Definition and concept

▶ – Depending up on the urbanization, time and

safety there is a great demand in for the individual
vehicles.
▶– To meet this objective attempts were made to
apply modal-split models immediately after trip
generation.
Such a model is called trip-end modal split model.
▶ – In this way different characteristics of the person
could be preserved and used to estimate modal split.
SCOPE & ADVANTAGE
Scope
▶ – income, residential density and car ownership

Advantages
▶ – The advantage is that these models could be very accurate in
the short run, if public transport is available and there is little
congestion.

Limitation – Insensitive to policy decisions example: Improving public

transport, restricting parking etc. would have no effect on modal
split according to these trip-end models.
Trip-interchange modal split
models
Definition and concept
–This is the post-distribution model; that is
modal split is applied after the distribution
stage
Scope, advantage &
limitation
Scope
– Mode of public transport and c ar ownership

Advantages
-This has the advantage that it is possible to include the
characteristics of the journey and that of the alternative
modes available to undertake them. It is also possible to
include policy decisions. This is beneficial for long term
modeling.

Limitation
– Time
Factors influencing the
choice of mode
The factors may be listed under three groups:

1.Characteristics of the trip maker

2.Characteristics of the journey
3.Characteristics of the transport
facility
1.Characteristics of the trip
maker
The following features are found to be important:

 car availability and/or ownership;

 possession of a driving license;
 household structure (young couple, couple with children, retired
people etc.);
 income;
 decisions made elsewhere, for example the need to use a car at
work, take c hildren to school, etc;
 residential density.
 2.Characteristics of the
journey
Mode choice is strongly influenced by:

▶ The trip purpose; for example, the journey to work is normally

easier to undertake by public transport than other journeys
because of its regularity and the adjustment possible in the
long run;
▶ Time of the day when the journey is undertaken.
▶ Late trips are more difficult to accommodate by
public transport.
 3. Characteristics of the transport
facility
There are two types of factors . One is quantitative and the other is
qualitative.
Quantitative factors are:
 relative travel time: in-vehicle, waiting and walking times by each mode;
 relative monetary costs (fares, fuel and direct costs);
 availability and cost of parking

Qualitative factors which are less easy to measure are:

 comfort and convenience
 reliability and regularity
 protection, security