《 Calculus 》 I

§1.1 The
§4.1 Functions
Mean Value Theorem
Homework for second class
1. D

2.
C

3.
§1.1 The
§4.1 Functions
Mean Value Theorem
Homework for second class

3.

Solution:
f (b)  f (a ) ' 1
f ( ) 
'
and f ( x ) 
b a 2 x9
f (16)  f (0) 2 1
 
16  0 16 8
1 1
f ' ( x)   , and solve to get   x 7
2 x9 8
§1.1 The
§4.1 Functions
Mean Value Theorem
Homework for second class

4.

Solution: 1
ln(1  x ) 1  x 1
lim lim lim 1
x 0 x x  0 1 x  0 1 x
§1.1 The
§4.1 Functions
Mean Value Theorem
Homework for 6 week
 Chapter 4
Applications of the Derivative

§4.2 The L’Hospital Rule

§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
Review:
Calculate the following limit and observe the limit form:

x2  2 x  1 0 x2  2 x  1 
lim " " lim " "
x  1 x 1 x  3 x2  1 
0
( x  1)( x  1) 2 1
 lim 1  2
x  1 x 1 lim x x
x  1
 lim ( x  1) 3 2
x  1 x
1
0 
3
lim
sin 3 x 0 0  We often call this limit as the
x 0 x " " ,
0 0  indeterminate form,
3x
lim 3 The L’Hospital Rule
x 0 x
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule
0 
Theorem A: indetermimnate form ， as x  a
0 
If the functions f(x) and g(x) satisfy the following conditions:
f ( x) 0 
(1) lim is indetermimnate form ，
x a g( x ) 0 
' ' '
(2) f ( x ) and g ( x ) both exist and g ( x ) 0
f '( x)
(3) lim
x a g ' ( x )
exist (or is infinity)

f ( x) f ' ( x)
Then, lixma g ( x ) lxima g ' ( x )

(1) Find derivatives of numerator and denominator

(2) Find the limit and the value is the answer
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule

x2  2 x  1 ( 0 )
Example1 Find lim 0
x  1 x 1

x2  2 x  1 ( x 2  2 x  1)'
Solution: lim  lim
x  1 x 1 x  1 ( x  1)'

2x  2
 lim
x  1 1
0
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule
sin ax 0
Example2 Find lim ( b 0) ( 0 )
x  0 sin bx

'
Solution: lim sin ax (sin ax ) a cos ax a
 lim ' lim 
x  0 sin bx x  0 (sin bx ) x 0 b cos bx b
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule
x  sin x 0
Example3 Find lim ( )
x 0 x3 0

x  sin x ( x  sin x )' 1  cos x 0

Solution: lim 3
 lim 3 ' lim 2
( )
x 0 x x  0 (x ) x  0 3x 0
sin x 0 cos x 1
lim ( ) lim 
x 0 6 x 0 x 0 6 6

Note:
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule
x3  3 x  2 0
Example4 Find lim 3 ( )
x 1 x  x 2  x  1 0

Solution: x3  3 x  2 3 x2  3 0
lim 3 2
lim 2 ( )
x 1 x  x  x  1 x 1 3 x  2 x  1 0

6x 3
lim 
x 1 6 x  2 2

Note: If the expression is not indeterminate form,we

cannot apply the L'Hospital Rule
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule
x3  x2  5 x 0
Example5 Find lim 3 ( )
x 0 x  4 x 2  5 x 0

Solution: x3  x2  5 x 3 x2  2 x  5
lim 3 l i m 2  1
x 0 x  4 x 2  5 x x 0 3 x  8 x  5

Note: If the expression is not indeterminate form,we

cannot apply the L'Hospital Rule
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
Questions and Answers
Use the L'Hospital Rule to calculate the following limits:
ln(1  x ) ln x  ln a sin 5 x
(1)lim (2)lim (3)lim
x 0 x x a x a x 0 x
e x  e x e3 x  1 ln x
(4)lim (5)lim (6) lim 3
x 0 sin x x  0 sin x x   x
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule
0 
Theorem B: indetermimnate form ， as x  
0 
If the functions f(x) and g(x) satisfy the following conditions:
f ( x) 0 
(1) lim is indetermimnate form ，
x  g( x ) 0 
' ' '
(2) f ( x ) and g ( x ) both exist and g ( x ) 0
f '( x)
(3) lxim ' exist (or is infinity)
g ( x)
f ( x) f ' ( x)
Then, lixm g ( x ) lxim g ' ( x )
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule
I.Theorem of L'Hospital Rule

ln x 
Example6 Find lim 3 ( )
x   x 
1
ln x 1
Solution: lim 3  lim x 2  lim 0
x   x x   3 x x   3 x 3


 arctan x
2
Example7 Find xlim
  1
x
Solution:  1
 arctan x  2
2 x
lim 2  lim 1  x  lim 1
x   1 x   1 x   1  x 2
 2
x x
§1.1 The
§4.2 Functions
L’Hospital Rule