Enterobius vermiscular
Thread worm
Thread worm ,, Pin
Pin worm
worm ,, Oxyuris
Oxyuris ,seat worm
,seat worm
Oxyuriasis –Enterobiasis
Geographical distribution : cosmopolitan
Habitat: lower ileum , caecum , appendix ,
female genitalia.
Host : man
Infective stage: egg containing the 2nd
nd stage
rhabditiform larva.
Morphology
Adult worm is small has double bulbed
esophagus , head is surrounded by cuticular
expansion called cervical alae , female has
pointed taile and double set of genitalia ,
male curved posterior end has single spicule .
Egg 50 X 20 µ , plano-convex or D- shaped
has 2 layers(double walled) covered with outer
sticky albuminous layer and inner thin
containing rhabditiform larva (mature ).
Eggs are found mainly on perianal skin.
Life cycle
Rats
♀
Mode of infection
Ingestion of eggs by: Autoinfection (hand
to mouth) , contaminated food or drink.
Handling contaminated linen, clothing
and articles.
Inhalation of eggs from contaminated
dust.
Retroinfection (egg hatch around anus
and larvae return to rectum)
Life cycle
Female
migrates
during
night
Eggs are infective in few hours Rhabditiform larva
Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
Sticky egg laid in the perianal region at night
causes Pruritus ani. Secondry bacterial
infection occur due to scratching around anus
Pruritus ani leads to nervous irritability,
hyperactivity and insomnia, weight loss, loss of
appetite.
Female worms may causes infection in different
organs :
1.Urinary bladder infection lead to enurisis
2.Appendix lead to appendicitis
3.Female genital organ lead to vulvitis.
Epidemiology
Eggs become mature and infective in few
hours.
Pruritus leads to autoinfection.
(common in children and old age)
Diagnosis
- Swabbing of perianal area to detect the eggs by:
1. NIH (National institute of Health ) swab
2. Scotch adhesive tape
Swab from under the finger nails.
Adults may be seen in stool or anal area.
Eggs are rarely found in stool
Treatment
Albendazole 200-400 mg as single dose
Mebendazole 100 mg twice dialy for 3 days.
It should be repeated after 2 weeks to kill
any new worms that hatch from the eggs.
All members of the family should be
simultaneously treated.
Application of white mercury oxide (white
precipitate ointment) around the anus at
night.
to relieves itching, kills female worms
coming out of the anus and prevents
dispersal of eggs.
Prevention and control
Mass treatment.
Personal hygiene and food protection.
Wearing tight cloths at night .
Washing bed linen and clothes
Cut finger nails.
