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'Subnetting

The document outlines an agenda for a seminar on subnetting that will define subnetting, discuss CIDR notation and subnet masks, and provide an example of performing 1-bit subnetting on the IP address 192.168.1.0/24. It includes information on why subnetting is used, how to calculate subnets and hosts, and formulas for determining network sizes and IP ranges. The presentation will explain the key concepts around IP addressing and subnetting to provide attendees with an understanding of how to divide networks into smaller subnets.

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Tariq Shahzad
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266 views

'Subnetting

The document outlines an agenda for a seminar on subnetting that will define subnetting, discuss CIDR notation and subnet masks, and provide an example of performing 1-bit subnetting on the IP address 192.168.1.0/24. It includes information on why subnetting is used, how to calculate subnets and hosts, and formulas for determining network sizes and IP ranges. The presentation will explain the key concepts around IP addressing and subnetting to provide attendees with an understanding of how to divide networks into smaller subnets.

Uploaded by

Tariq Shahzad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Raees Khan

Session Type: Seminar Language: Urdu & English Session Duration: 2 Hours BSC (Hons) Computer Sciences MCSE, RHCT, CCNA, CCNP, MPLS

http://www.raeeskhan.info [email protected]

AGENDA

Defining Subnetting

CIDR Notation IPv4 Subnetting

Writing Subnet Mask

Subnetting Process

Subnetting Pre-requisite
IP Addressing Basics
What is Internet Protocol (IP). IP usage and it characteristics. IP Address Format: Dotted Decimal Notation. IP Address Classes: Identification of class of an IP address. IP Address Ranges for Class A, B , and C. Private Addresses and Public Addresses. Finding the Network address, Broadcast address, valid range of IPs. Understanding masks and how to use them.

IP Addressing Table

AGENDA

What is Subnetting and why do we do it. Getting acquainted with CIDR notation. Writing Subnet Mask.

Learn Subnetting

Finding Network Addresses Finding Broadcast Addresses Finding Valid ranges of IPs .

Defining Subnetting

Subnetting is the concept of dividing the network into smaller portions called subnets.

This is done by borrowing bits from the host portion of the IP address, enabling more efficient use of the network address.

Why Subnetting ?

Subnetting lets you by taking one large and breaking it up manageable broadcast

allocate addresses broadcast domain into smaller more domains.

Efficient use of Network addresses by dividing a network into sub-networks. Restrict Broadcast traffic (Vlans)
Simplified Administration

CIDR Notation
The method that ISPs (Internet Service Providers) use to allocate an amount of addresses to a company, a home. Example : 192.168.10.32/28

The slash notation (/) means how many bits are turned on (1s) The value after slash represents network bits.

CIDR Notation

In CIDR notation, the block granted is defined by the first address and the prefix length.
Also known as Prefix Notation OR Slash Notation

Nine Possible Values for Subnet Mask


128 64
0 0 0

32
0 0 0

16
0 0 0 0

8
0 0 0 0 0

4
0 0 0 0 0 0

2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUM

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1

0 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255

Placing Values in right Octet

VALUE

0
OCTET

128 192 224 240 248 252 254


9 10 11 12 13 14 15

2nd

3rd
4th

16
24

17
25

18
26

19
27

20
28

21
29

22
30

23
31

Writing Subnet Mask


Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 255.128.0.0 255.192.0.0 255.224.0.0 255.240.0.0 CIDR /8 /9 /10 /11 /12 Subnet Mask 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 CIDR /22 /23 /24 /25 /26

255.248.0.0 255.252.0.0
255.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0

/13 /14
/15 /16 /17 /18 /19 /20 /21

255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.254 255.255.255.255

/27 /28
/29 /30 /31 /32

Default Mask Vs Subnet Mask

A Default/Subnet mask defines which portion of the address is used to identify the network and which denotes the hosts.

Formulas used in Subnetting


Number of subnets = 2x Where x = number of bits borrowed
Possible number of subnets are 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 Block Size = Total number of Address Block Size = 256-Mask Number of valid IPs = 2y-2 Where y = number of 0s

Subnetting Example

Given that 192.168.1.0 /24


Question: Perform 1 bit subnetting and write Network ID, Broadcast ID, and valid range of IPs in each subnet. Answer: The /24 represents the network bits so you cannot change these bits in subnetting. Borrow one bit from host bits to perform subnetting. In practical terms, the subnet mask actually conveys only a single piece of information: where the line is drawn between the subnet ID and host ID

Subnetting Example
Draw a line after 24 bits because they cant be changed. Make the combinations with subnetting bits.
192 11000000 . . 168 . 1 . 0 1 0 0000000

10101000 .

00000001 .

The two combinations are actually two subnets.


192 11000000 11000000 . 168 . 1 . 0 0000000 0000000

. 10101000 . . 10101000 .

00000001 . 0 00000001 . 1

Subnetting Example
Converting binary into decimal and writing custom subnet mask.
The two subnets are

192
192

.
.

168
168

.
.

1
1

.
.

0
128

/25
/25

For the first subnet 192.168.1.0/25 The Net ID is 192.168.1.0 The Valid range of IPs is 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.126 The Broadcast ID is 192.168.1.127 For the Second subnet 192.168.1.128/25 The Net ID is 192.168.1.128 The Valid range of IPs is 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.254 The Broadcast ID is 192.168.1.255

Reserved IP Addresses per Subnet

IP addressing conventions reserve two IP addresses per subnet.


Subnet Address / Network ID Broadcast Address
IP address that has all binary 0s in the host field

IP address that has all binary 1s in the host field

Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class A Network

Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class B Network

Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class C Network

Question 1
Subnet Mask or Custom subnet mask tells us that how many bits are used for Subnet ID portion and how many for host ID portion. Identify how many bits are used for subnetting in the following IP address using its subnet mask:
1.IP 2.IP 3.IP 4.IP 5.IP Address: Address: Address: Address: Address: 139.65.225.4 139.65.225.4 201.35.20.18 201.35.20.18 190.47.115.6 Subnet Subnet Subnet Subnet Subnet Mask: Mask: Mask: Mask: Mask: 255.255.224.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.240 255.255.128.0

Question 2

Find the following:


Number Number Number Number Number of of of of of

Network bits Host bits Subnet bits Subnets Hosts per Subnet

For

8.1.4.5/16

130.2.140.100/24 198.190.100.61/26

Question 3
Suppose you have a class B Network 172.121.0.0. Your task is to design a subnet scheme so that we can create 64 Network segments (subnets) within this Network.
1. 2. 3. 4. How many bits would you use for the subnet ID? How many bits would you use for the Host ID? How many maximum possible subnets will be there? How many maximum possible hosts will be there in each subnet? 5. Write down the Subnet Mask of your scheme. 6. Write down the first valid IP address, last valid IP address and the broadcast address of the Third subnet of your scheme.

Any Question ?

Raees Khan [email protected] www.raeeskhan.info +92 - 333 - 4813101

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