Historical Timeline of Tourism

BSHRM-I Click to edit Section subtitle style Master B4 Group 3

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920 A.D. Height of the Empire of Ghana

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Origins and rise of the ancient West African Empire of Ghana, situated in the far western savannah, are obscure. It may have existed as early as the 5th century AD or even before. However, by the 8th century AD Ghana had become important enough for its fame as "The Land of Gold" to reach Baghdad.

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By 1068 it was reported in a book by a learned Arab scholar of Cordoba by the name of Al-Bakri that Ghana was the largest, wealthiest and most powerful state in West Africa. The empire was situated in the vast Savannah area between the Senegal and Niger Rivers, its authority extending from the frontiers of Futa Toro to the western banks of the Niger, and from the Mandinka area in the south to beyond the fringes of the desert in the north.

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960 A.D. 1275 Sung Dynasty of China

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The first part of the Sung dynasty is called the Northern Sung. In 960AD, one of the generals of the decliningT'ang

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The second part of the Sung dynasty is called the Southern Sung. Another son of the Sung emperor ran away to southern China and in 1126 he started a new Sung Dynasty with its capital at Hangzhou. He took the name Kao Tsung. Kao Tsung and his successors were not very strong militarily, and could not take back northern China from the Juchen. But they did develop thriving trade. Because the Juchen had cut off their traditional route along the Silk Road, 7/5/12

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962 A.D. Holy Roman Empire established by King Otto I

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Otto I the Great, son ofHenryI the FowlerandMatilda of Ringelheim, wasDuke of Saxony,King of Germany,King of Italy, and "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy" according toArnulf of Milan.WhileCharlemagnehad been crowned Emperor in 800, his empire had been divided amongst his grandsons, and following the assassination ofBerengar of Friuliin 924, the Imperial title had lain vacant 7/5/12

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TheHoly Roman Empirethat existed from 962 to 1806 is inCentral Europe. It was ruled by theHoly Roman Emperor. Its character changed during theMiddle Agesand theEarly Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes. In its last centuries, its character became quite close to a union of territories.
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1002 Leif Ericson explored the North American coast

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Leif Ericson was aNorseexplorer regarded as the firstEuropeanto land inNorth America(excludingGreenland), nearly 500 years beforeChristopher Columbus. According to theSagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement atVinland, tentatively identified with the NorseL'Anse aux Meadowson the northern tip ofNewfoundlandin moderndayCanada.
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1076 Fall of the Empire of Ghana and Rise of Mali Empire

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Given the scattered nature of the Arabic sources and the ambiguity of the existing archaeological record, it is difficult to determine when and how Ghana declined and fell. The earliest descriptions of the Empire are vague as to its maximum extent, though according to al-Bakri, Ghana had forced Awdaghast in the desert to accept its rule sometime between 7/5/12 970 and 1054.

A tradition in historiography maintains that Ghana fell when it was sacked by theAlmoravidmovement in 1076, but this interpretation has been questioned. Furthermore, the archaeology of ancient Ghana simply does not show the signs of rapid change and destruction that would be associated with any Almoravid-era military conquests.

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TheMali EmpireorMandingo EmpireorManden Kurufawas aWest Africanempire of theMandinkafrom c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded bySundiata Keitaand became renowned for thewealthof its rulers, especiallyMansaMusa I. The Mali Empire had many profound cultural influences on WestAfrica, allowing the spread of its language, laws and customs along theNiger 7/5/12 River. It extended over a large area

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1096 1270 Crusades

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The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens. The term 'Saracen' was the word used to describe a Moslem during the time of the Crusades. The Crusades started in 1095 when Pope Claremont preached the First Crusade at the Council of 7/5/12 Claremont.

The Pope's preaching led to thousands immediately affixing the cross to their garments - the name Crusade given to the Holy Wars came from old French word 'crois' meaning 'cross'. The Crusades were great military expeditions undertaken by the Christian nations of Europe for the purpose of rescuing the holy places of Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans. They were eight in number, the 7/5/12 first four being sometimes called

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1100 1300 Period of Cathedral building in Europe

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The word cathedral is derived from the Latin word cathedra ("seat" or "chair"), and refers to the presence of the bishop's or archbishop's chair or throne. In the ancient world, the chair was the symbol of a teacher and thus of the bishop's role as teacher, and also of an official presiding as a magistrate and thus of the bishop's role in governing a diocese. Though now grammatically used as a noun, the termcathedralwas 7/5/12

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1215 King John signed the Magna Carta

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The Magna Carta is a document that King John of England (1166 1216) was forced into signing. King John was forced into signing the charter because it greatly reduced the power he held as the King of England and allowed for the formation of a powerful parliament. The Magna Carta became the basis for English citizen's rights.

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The purpose of the Magna Carta was to curb the King and make him govern by the old English laws that had prevailed before the Normans came. The Magna Carta was a collection of 37 English laws - some copied, some recollected, some old and some new. The Magna Carta demonstrated that the power of the king could be limited by a written grant.
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1232 Gunpowder used to propel rockets

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The availability of black powder(gunpowder) to propel projectiles was a precursor to the development of the first solid rocket. Ninth centuryChineseTaoistalchemists discovered black powder while searching for theElixir of life; this accidental discovery led to experiments in the form of weapons such asbombs,cannon, incendiaryfire arrowsand rocketpropelled fire arrows. 7/5/12

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1295 Marco Polo returned to Venice

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Marco Polowas a Venetian merchant travelerfrom theVenetian Republic whose travels are recorded inIl Milione, a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle,Niccol and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently metKublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war withGenoa; Marco was imprisoned, and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthymerchant, married and had 3 7/5/12 children. He died in 1324, and was buried

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?-1300 Anasazi culture in Southwest US

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The word "Anasazi" (ah-nuh-SAH-zee) is used to describe a distinctive American Indian civilization and culture that existed from about 1200 B.C. to A.D. 1300 in theFour Corners Areaof Southwestern United States. SeeSouthwest Culture Map. These people are probably best known for the ruins of their monumental cliff dwellings at places likeMesaVerde, which they abandoned at the end of the 13th century.
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1347 1351 Plague

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TheBlack Deathwas one of the most devastatingpandemicsinhuman history, peaking inEurope between 1348 and 1350. While there were several competing theories as to theetiologyof the Black Death it has been conclusively proven via analysis of ancient DNA from plague victims in northern and southern Europe that the pathogen responsible is theYersinia pestisbacteria.Thought to have 7/5/12

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1368 1644 Ming Dynasty in China

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TheMing Dynasty, alsoEmpire of the Great Ming, was the rulingdynastyofChinafrom 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of theMongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history",was the last dynasty in China ruled by 7/5/12 ethnicHan Chinese.

By the 16th century the Ming economy was stimulated by trade with thePortuguese, theSpanish, and theDutch. China became involved in a new global trade of goods, plants, animals, and food crops known as theColumbian Exchange. Trade withEuropean powers and theJapanesebrought in massive amounts ofsilver, which then replaced copper and paperbanknotesas the commonmedium of exchangein 7/5/12

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1438 Inca Empire established in Peru

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TheInca Empire, orInka Empire, was the largest empire inpreColumbian America.The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located inCuscoin modern-dayPeru. TheInca civilizationarose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century.

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1454 Guttenberg invented the Movable Type

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Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was aGerman blacksmith,goldsmith,printer, andpublisherwho introduced modernbookprinting. His invention of mechanicalmovable typeprinting started thePrinting Revolutionand is widely regarded as the most important event of themodern period.It played a key role in the development of theRenaissance, Reformation, theAge of Enlightenmentand 7/5/12

Gutenberg was the first European to usemovable typeprinting, in around 1439, and the global inventor of theprinting press. His truly epochal invention was the combination of these elements into a practical system which allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. The use of movable type was a marked improvement on the handwritten manuscript, which was the existing 7/5/12

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Group 4:

Louise Sam Pagunsan Gladys Krell Torculas (Disyang)

(LoLoy)

Emmabel Yvonne Caralde (Boning) Ceanthia Hayjo Christine Ann Fabros Reyvergin Gonzaga 7/5/12 (Tisya) (Aning) Rica Camille Rose de Jose (Miling)