Subatomic Particles and Isotopes
Download as PPTX, PDF1 like3,866 views
This document discusses subatomic particles, isotopes, and ions. It defines atoms as the smallest unit of matter that retains chemical properties. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus. The number of protons determines the element, while the number of neutrons defines the isotope. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, becoming positively or negatively charged. Practice problems are provided to calculate subatomic particle numbers for elements, isotopes, and ions.
Subatomic Particles and Isotopes
- 1. 3rd Quarter Grade 8 Science
- 2. The smallest possible unit into which matter can be divided, while still maintaining its properties
- 3. “Indivisible” It was once thought that atoms were the smallest things in the universe and could not be divided
- 5. PARTICLES SYMBOL LOCATION CHARGE Proton 𝑝+ Inside the nucleus +1 Neutron 𝑛0 Inside the nucleus 0 Electron 𝑒− Outside the nucleus -1
- 6. Ernest Rutherford Equal to the atomic number and electron of an atom Contribute to the atomic mass
- 7. The neutron of an element is the difference between mass number and atomic number: n0 = A - Z Element A Z 𝒏𝟎 Carbon (C) 12 6 6 Phosphorus (P) 30 15 15 Gold (Au) 197 79 118
- 8. Sir John Joseph Thomson Tiny compared to protons and neutrons
- 9. The number of an electron in a neutral atom is equal to the number of proton. Element 𝒑+ 𝒆− Carbon (C) 6 6 Phosphorus (P) 15 15 Gold (Au) 79 79
- 10. Charged particle that typically results from a loss or gain of electrons Two types: Anion = negatively charged particle Cation = positively charged particle
- 11. An ion is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge. cation – ion with a positive charge If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it becomes a cation. anion – ion with a negative charge If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes an anion. Na 11 protons 11 electrons Na+ 11 protons 10 electrons Cl 17 protons 17 electrons Cl- 17 protons 18 electrons
- 12. The no. of an electron in ions is the difference between the no. of proton and the charge: e−= p+ - charge Element 𝒑+ charge 𝒆− 17 -1 18 3 +1 2 12 +2 10 i
- 13. Practice Exercise 5 Compute for the electron of the following ions. Element 𝒑+ charge 𝒆− 𝑆2− 𝑁𝑎+ 𝐶𝑙− 𝑀𝑛5+ 𝐶𝑢+
- 16. Atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. Element Atomic No. No. of Protons Carbon (C) 6 6 Phosphorus (P) 15 15 Gold (Au) 79 79
- 17. Mass number (A) is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope: A = p+ + n0 Element 𝒑+ 𝒏𝟎 A Carbon (C) 6 6 12 Phosphorus (P) 15 15 30 Gold (Au) 79 118 197
- 18. Practice Exercise 6 FIND EACH OF THESE: a) number of protons b) number of neutrons c) number of electrons d) atomic number e) mass number
- 19. Practice Exercise 6 FIND EACH OF THESE: a) number of protons b) number of neutrons c) number of electrons d) atomic number e) mass number f) element
- 21. Element Atom 1 Atom 2 Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Mass Number Element Practice Exercise 7
- 23. Ions Protons Charge Electrons Cat ion or An ion 1. Fe3+ 2. Fe2+ 3. O 2− 4. P3− 5. Br1− 6. Mn5+
- 24. FIND EACH OF THESE: 7. number of protons 8. number of neutrons 9. number of electrons 10.atomic number 11.mass number 12.element name
- 25. Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass number These atoms differ in the number of neutrons
- 27. A shorthand notation for a nucleus that shows the mass number, atomic number and the symbol. Example: U-238 would be 92 238 U
- 28. In naming isotopes, the mass number can be placed after the name of the element: Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14
- 29. Isotopic Notation Atomic Number Mass Number Number of Protons 19 9 16 Number of Neutrons Practice Exercise 8
Editor's Notes
- #3: An element is simply a type of atom that has a specific number of protons. A single "piece" of water, H2O is a molecule. It contains 2 elements: Hydrogen, and Oxygen. But it contains 3 atoms, 2 Hydrogen, and 1 Oxygen
- #4: An element is simply a type of atom that has a specific number of protons. A single "piece" of water, H2O is a molecule. It contains 2 elements: Hydrogen, and Oxygen. But it contains 3 atoms, 2 Hydrogen, and 1 Oxygen
- #7: Proton is the Greek word for “first”
- #15: DIFFERENT WAYS TO REPRESENT THE COMPOSITION OF AN ATOM
- #17: Z, stands for "Zahl", which means number in German "Atomzahl", or atomic number