Medical Gas Cylinders
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Compressed gas cylinders must withstand high internal pressures and transport conditions. They are constructed from materials like steel alloys to prevent chemical reactions with gases. Cylinders contain gases like oxygen at pressures up to 2000 PSI and are color coded for identification. Safety devices like pressure relief valves prevent over-pressurization. Proper storage, handling, and testing ensure cylinders are safely used to deliver medical gases.
![The storage area should be cool, dry, ventilated, clean area
constructed of fire resistant material[16]
Have good access for deliveries and a reasonable level floor surface
Should have segregation of “Full” and “Empty cylinders”
Cylinders with an oldest fill date should be used first
Cylinders should not be stored in direct sunlight[10]
Easily visible sign such as no smoking, no open flames or sparks, no
oil or grease etc., should be displayed
Cylinders should not be exposed to dampness, corrosive chemicals,
fumes as they may damage cylinders and/or cause valve protection
caps stick
The temperature should not go below 10°C where Entonox cylinders
are stored
Cylinders should always be kept in place with chain or any other
restraining device
The suitable trolley/cart should be used to transport and support the
cylinders.
STORAGE OF CYLINDERS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cylinders-150712145304-lva1-app6892/85/Medical-Gas-Cylinders-27-320.jpg)
![Handling and installation
Before using, the contents of the cylinder must be identified by reading the label[7] and
also seeing the color of the cylinder
Full cylinders are fitted with tamper evident seal, usually a shrink wrapped around the
valve, should be removed immediately before use[2]
Before connecting to yoke, the cylinder valve be cracked (i.e., Opened only slightly) to
blow away any dust or flammable silting on the valve.
The person opening the cylinder should be positioned so that the valve outlet and/or the
face of pressure gauge points away from self, patient and machine
Care should be taken to see that sealing washer (Bodok Seal) is present on the yoke
and is in good condition to prevent leakage.[6,7] More than one washer should never
be used as it can default PISS
The valve should be opened slowly to release the pressure gradually. Sudden opening
can produce a shock wave in the pressure gauge and regulator and can damage
parts. Also, if gas passes quickly in the space between the valve and yoke or regulator,
it can generate a large amount of heat. As there is almost no time to dissipate, this
constitutes an adiabatic process[1] (no heat is lost or gained from surrounding). The heat
generated can ignite grease or any dust particle present, causing flash fire or explosion
The cylinders should never stand upright without support
Handling should only be by trained staff.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cylinders-150712145304-lva1-app6892/85/Medical-Gas-Cylinders-28-320.jpg)
Medical Gas Cylinders
- 1. COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS AND PRESSURE GAUGE Dr.R.Selvakumar.M.D.D.A.DNB Professor of Anaesthesiology K.A.P.Viswanatham Govt Medical College, Trichirapalli Tamilnadu - India
- 2. What is the pressure inside the L.P.G cylinder…? any where from 100 lbs to 180 lbs the regulator reduces it to around 11 lbs for a grill
- 3. CYLINDERS: • COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINERS • SHOULD WITHSTAND THE PRESSURE OF THE COMPRESSED GAS • SHOULD WITHSTAND THE ADVERSE TRANSPORT CONDITIONS • SHOULD NOT CHEMICALLY REACT WITH THE GASES • MALLEABLE • LIGHT WEIGHT
- 4. MATERIAL USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS LOW CARBON STEEL HIGH CARBON STEEL MANGANESE STEEL -1946 MOLYBDENUM STEEL CHROME MOLYBDENUM STEEL ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE (Aluminium wrapped in carbon fibre)
- 5. PRESSURE INSIDE THE CYLINDERS OXYGEN : 1800 -2000 PSI (13700kPa) NITROUS OXIDE : 750 PSI (4400kPa) CARBONDIOXIDE: 850PSI ( 5000kPa)
- 6. FILLING OF THE CYLINDERS OXYGEN NITROUS OXIDE
- 7. ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FILLING OF THE CYLINDER WITH GAS LIQUID
- 8. CRITICAL TEMPERATURE OF A GAS Critical temperature is the temperature above which a Substance can’t be liquefied no matter how much pressure Is applied… N2O – 36.5 C OXYGEN - -118 C
- 9. SOME DEFINITIONS… Gas : exists in the gaseous state at room temperature. Its liquefaction at room temperature is impossible since The room temperature is above its critical temperature Vapour: is the gaseous state of a substance below its Critical temperature. At room temperature and atmospheric Pressure, the substance is liquid.
- 10. • Liquid evaporates in hot conditions • Pressure above the liquid column increases • Explosion of the cylinder is a possibility
- 11. FILLING RATIO OF THE CYLINDERS Is the weight of the fluid in the cylinder divided by The weight of water required to fill the cylinder 67 % 75 % Cold countries tropical
- 12. FILLING OF CYLINDERS SERVICE PRESSURE : Maximum pressure up to which the Cylinder can be filled at 70 F Testing Pressure : 1.66 times the working pressure
- 13. COLOUR CODING OF CYLINDERS
- 14. LABELLING OF THE CYLINDER Name and chemical symbol of gas. Product specification. Hazard warning diamond shaped figure denoting hazard class contained gas. Name and address of cylinder manufacturer. Cylinder contents in liters. Tare weight (weight when empty). Maximum cylinder pressure. Cylinder size code. Directions for use.
- 15. COMPONENTS OF THE CYLINDER BODY SHOULDER : curved upper part of the body NECK : Threaded end of the shoulder
- 16. CYLINDER VALVE
- 17. Pressure relief device is fitted on cylinders with the aim to vent the cylinder contents to atmosphere if the pressure in the cylinder increases to a dangerous level as a result of high temperature or overfilling. They are of three types: Burst disk, fusible plug, and combination of two. Burst disk is most commonly used. It is a small metal gasket which bursts at a pre-determined pressure. SAFETY DEVICE IN THE CYLINDER VALVE
- 18. PIN INDEX SYSTEM unique configuration of holes and pins which match precisely to eliminate connection of the wrong cylinder to equipment, thus prevents delivery of wrong gas to patients
- 19. PIN INDEX SAFETY SYSTEM
- 20. OXYGEN CYLINDER SIZE AND CAPACITY:
- 21. N2O CYLINDER SIZE AND CAPACITY
- 22. HOW TO CALCULATE THE QUANTITY INSIDE THE CYLINDER? OXYGEN: Rate of flow multiplied by 60 gives total consumption in one hour.
- 23. DOES THE PRESSURE GAUGE INDICATE THE TRUE CYLINDER CONTENT?
- 24. HOW TO CALCULATE THE QUANTITY INSIDE THE CYLINDER? N2O AVAGADRO’S LAW: One gram molecular weight of any substance will give rise to 22.4 L of gas and will contain 6.024 x 1023 number of molecules MOL.WEIGHT OF O2 = 2 X 16 = 32 N20 = 2 X 14 + 16 = 44
- 26. Hydraulic test:Is a measure of cylinder's elasticity.The cylinder is connected by a thread to testing unit, filled with water and the water level is measured by gauge. The gauge is isolated and cylinder pressurized to 240 atmospheres. The pressure is released and gauge opened. The cylinder should stretch less than 0.02%. Tensile test Done in one out of 100 cylinders. The yield point should not be less than 15 tons per square inch. Flattening test The cylinder is kept between two compression blocks and pressure is applied from both sides until the distance between blocks remains 6 times the thickness of the wall of cylinder. The walls should not crack. Impact test Three of each, longitudinal and transverse stripes are taken from a finished cylinder and struck by mechanical hammer. Mean energy to produce the crack should not be less than 5 and 10 lb/ft for transverse and longitudinal strips, respectively. Bend test A ring of 25 mm width is cut from the cylinder and divided into strips. Each strip is bent inward until inner edges are a part, not greater than the diameter of strip. TESTING OF CYLINDERS
- 27. The storage area should be cool, dry, ventilated, clean area constructed of fire resistant material[16] Have good access for deliveries and a reasonable level floor surface Should have segregation of “Full” and “Empty cylinders” Cylinders with an oldest fill date should be used first Cylinders should not be stored in direct sunlight[10] Easily visible sign such as no smoking, no open flames or sparks, no oil or grease etc., should be displayed Cylinders should not be exposed to dampness, corrosive chemicals, fumes as they may damage cylinders and/or cause valve protection caps stick The temperature should not go below 10°C where Entonox cylinders are stored Cylinders should always be kept in place with chain or any other restraining device The suitable trolley/cart should be used to transport and support the cylinders. STORAGE OF CYLINDERS
- 28. Handling and installation Before using, the contents of the cylinder must be identified by reading the label[7] and also seeing the color of the cylinder Full cylinders are fitted with tamper evident seal, usually a shrink wrapped around the valve, should be removed immediately before use[2] Before connecting to yoke, the cylinder valve be cracked (i.e., Opened only slightly) to blow away any dust or flammable silting on the valve. The person opening the cylinder should be positioned so that the valve outlet and/or the face of pressure gauge points away from self, patient and machine Care should be taken to see that sealing washer (Bodok Seal) is present on the yoke and is in good condition to prevent leakage.[6,7] More than one washer should never be used as it can default PISS The valve should be opened slowly to release the pressure gradually. Sudden opening can produce a shock wave in the pressure gauge and regulator and can damage parts. Also, if gas passes quickly in the space between the valve and yoke or regulator, it can generate a large amount of heat. As there is almost no time to dissipate, this constitutes an adiabatic process[1] (no heat is lost or gained from surrounding). The heat generated can ignite grease or any dust particle present, causing flash fire or explosion The cylinders should never stand upright without support Handling should only be by trained staff.
- 33. Dr.R.Selvakumar Professor of Anaesthesiology K.A.P.Viswanatham Govt medical college Trichy