Properties of acids; bases
5 likes954 views
Acids have a sour taste, are electrolytes, turn indicators red, and have a pH less than 7. They donate protons and can neutralize bases to form salts and water. Bases have a bitter taste, are electrolytes, turn indicators blue or yellow, and have a pH greater than 7. They accept protons and can neutralize acids to form salts and water. Common acids include nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. Common bases include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.
Properties of acids; bases
- 1. Properties of Acids and Bases Acids Bases Taste sour Taste Bitter pH less than 7 pH greater than 7 Acids effect indicators: 1. Acids turn blue litmus to red 2. Acids turn methyl orange to red Bases effect indicators: 1. Bases turn red litmus to blue 2. Bases turn methyl orange to yellow 3. Bases turn phenolphthalein to purple Acids neutralize bases producing a salt and water Bases neutralize acids producing a salt and water Proton donors (Proton = H+ = hydrogen ion) Proton acceptors (Proton = H+ = hydrogen ion) Increase H+ ion concentration in solution Increase OH- ion concentration in solution Acids are electrolytes Bases are electrolytes Acids react with carbonates to produce a salt, water and CO2 Bases feel slippery Examples of acids: Monoprotic acids HNO3 – nitric acid HCl – hydrochloric acid HC2H3O2 – acetic acid Diprotic acid H2SO4 – sulfuric acid Triprotic acid H3PO4 – phosphoric acid Acids react with active metals to produce hydrogen Examples of bases: LiOH NaOH KOH Mg(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 NH4OH Reaction of an acid with a base (neutralization) always produces a salt and water: Acid Base Salt water HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) à NaCl (aq) + H2O H2SO4 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) à CaSO4 (aq) + 2H2O HNO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) à KNO3 (aq) + H2O Reaction of an acid with an active metal: Metal Acid Salt Hydrogen gas Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) à ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Mg (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) à Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + H2 (g) Reaction of an acid with a carbonate: Acid Carbonate Salt water Carbon dioxide gas 2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) à 2NaCl (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g) H2SO4 (aq) + MgCO3 (aq) à MgSO4 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g)