What would Erik Erickson say about the iPad? How data from The Digital Family Project can help us understand the ways in which families are using technology.
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The document discusses the impact of technology on child development across various age groups, presenting data from a family survey about technology use among parents and children. It emphasizes the need for appropriate technology limits and highlights the balance between nurturing child development and the role of technology in modern family dynamics. Recommendations are provided for different developmental stages, from infancy to college, addressing both the benefits and potential drawbacks of digital media.
What would Erik Erickson say about the iPad? How data from The Digital Family Project can help us understand the ways in which families are using technology.
- 1. www.thedigitalfamily.org The Digital Family Project What would Erikson say about the iPad? 1 Tristan Gorrindo, MD MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL Anne Fishel, PhD l F a m i l y P r o j e c t The Digita HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
- 2. Disclosures of Potential Conflicts Gorrindo Source Research Advisor/ Employee Honorarium Books, Intel In-kind Stock or Funding Consultant lectual Services Equity Property (example: travel) AACAP X Ethics & CME Committees & Travel award MGH X Fishel Source Research Advisor/ Employee Honorarium Books, In-kind Stock or Funding Consultant Intellectual Services Equity Property (example: travel) MGH X The Digital Family Project
- 3. Development www.thedigitalfamily.org • Each stage has its own tasks for parent and child • Vignettes • Technology varies at each stage • Recommendations for technology usage at each stage • Attention to the ways that technology may enhance or detract from optimal development 3 The Digital Family Project
- 4. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org • Pilot data from a social media driven survey • 350+ families • 120+ questions broken down by developmental age • IRB approved at MGH 4 The Digital Family Project
- 5. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org 5 The Digital Family Project
- 6. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org Number of Parents with Children in Each Age Group 90 85 78 77 Number of Parents 80 75 70 60 52 50 40 30 20 10 0 0-2 years 3-5 years 6-11 years 12-17 years 18-22 years Age Group 6 The Digital Family Project
- 7. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org Percentage of Mothers vs. Fathers Who Completed the Survey Fathers 19% Mothers 81% Do you have a spouse/partner/significant other that you live with? If so, are you married to them? 6% 8% Married Not Married but Living with a 86% Significant Other Not Living with a Significant Other 7 The Digital Family Project
- 8. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org Do You Consider Yourself to be Digitally Savvy? 60% 50% 40% Not At All A Little 30% Somewhat Very 20% Extremely 10% 0% 0-2 years 3-5 years 6-11 years 12-14 years 15-17 years 18-22 years Child's Age Group 8 The Digital Family Project
- 9. www.thedigitalfamily.org TRANSITION TO PARENTHOOD: FAMILIES WITH INFANTS 9 The Digital Family Project
- 10. Tasks for Transition to Parenthood www.thedigitalfamily.org • Critical period for developing emotional regulation and attachment • Babies need safety, warmth consistency, well-attuned attention • Play and talking to baby are important for developing cognitive capacities. • Baby’s needs coincide with elevated stress of parental well- being (higher depression rates) and marital bond (lower marital satisfaction). • Making room for baby in larger family system • Importance of social support 10 The Digital Family Project
- 11. Transition to Parenthood www.thedigitalfamily.org • 92% of American children under the age of 2 appear in online pictures. • Study of new mom’s internet use– 3 hours a day(McDaniel et al, 2011) • Parents of infants using the internet for staying in touch with friends and grandparents, building an online community of other parents, staying in touch with spouse • To combat boredom and isolation. • To get parenting information • To document • For entertainment of baby • Infants are using technology themselves • 47% of babies watch TV or DVDs; spend an average 1 hour(Common Sense, 2011) 11 The Digital Family Project
- 12. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org Do You Ever Use Technology to Cope Do You Ever Feel Like You Are with the Stress or Loneliness of Being Distracted from Your Baby's Needs a New Parent? Because of Time Spent Using 45% Technology? 40% 45% 40% 39% 40% 35% 35% 35% 30% 30% 25% 20% 22% 25% 21% 20% 20% 15% 12% 15% 10% 6% 10% 4% 2% 5% 5% 0% 0% Never Rarely Sometimes Often Frequently Never Rarely Sometimes Often Frequently 12 The Digital Family Project
- 13. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org How Many Hours a Day of Screen Time Do You Think is Appropriate for a Child Under the Age of Two? 60% 51% 50% 40% 35% 30% 20% 12% 10% 1% 0% Zero Hours 30 Min to One Hour Two Hours Three Hours 13 The Digital Family Project
- 14. Reflections and Recommendations www.thedigitalfamily.org • Is all this internet use posing a threat to attachment? • Connection between social networking and maternal well-being (McDaniel et al, 2011) • Positive impact on parental depression • Benefits of maintaining connections with farflung relatives with skyping, facebooking, posting pictures, etc. • AAP Guidelines: kids under the age of 2 should not watch any screens. Recent that added other screens to TV recommendation. • Difference between picture books and screen books 14 The Digital Family Project
- 15. www.thedigitalfamily.org PARENTS AND TODDLERS 15 The Digital Family Project
- 16. Importance of Play: Toddlers www.thedigitalfamily.org • Imaginative play is most important work • Move back and forth between reality and fantasy to make sense of world • Use associative logic– e.g.. Daddy makes the sun come up • Replay real life scenarios to feel some mastery • Pretend play gives kids a chance to take perspective of others • Play teaches sharing, turn-taking, listening • Physical play releases pent-up energy and develops healthy bodies 16 The Digital Family Project
- 17. Digital Play www.thedigitalfamily.org • Kaiser Report, 2007: 70% of all 4-6 year olds spend an average of over one hour per day • Common Sense Media, 2011: 2-4 year olds spend over 2 hours a day on screens;73% watch TV daily • Computer games, like ballonables • Watching funny video clips • Read book on ipad, and characters talk back 17 The Digital Family Project
- 18. Toddlers – Old games, New Media www.thedigitalfamily.org • YouTube – Painting on Screen • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-nS2zvpbKM 18 The Digital Family Project
- 19. Digital Play vs. Pretend Play www.thedigitalfamily.org • Not self-generated • Not about turning taking • No manipulation of objects • Not about mastering of difficult situation or feeling through pretend play • Not physical • Both are fun • Don’t know much about how affects developing brain 19 The Digital Family Project
- 20. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org Which of the Following is More Valuable in Promoting Imaginative Play? 100% 94% 96% 90% 81% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 19% 20% 10% 6% 4% 0% A real story A virtual A board Video or Building a Creating a book book game Computer fort or tent virtual city game 20 The Digital Family Project
- 21. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org How Important Do You Feel it is for Your 3- to 5- Year-Old Child to Have Knowledge of Technology at This Age? 35% 30% 30% 27% 25% 21% 20% 17% 15% 10% 6% 5% 0% Not important at all A little important Somewhat Very important Extremely important important 21 The Digital Family Project
- 22. Recommendations: Toddlers www.thedigitalfamily.org • Kids over 2 should watch no more than 1-2 hours of high quality, age-appropriate programming per day • Time to start good habits of parents setting limits on screen use • Pre-school-aged kids mimic parents’ behavior so be mindful of what modeling • Caution advised given how little we know about effects on developing brain • Imaginative play is preferable to digital play 22 The Digital Family Project
- 23. www.thedigitalfamily.org SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN 23 The Digital Family Project
- 24. School Age Children www.thedigialfamily.org • Social • Competitive Games • Rule-bound • Group play • Cognitive • Fundamental knowledge • Organizational skill • Still have time to play • Emotional • Self-esteem • Confidence 24 The Digital Family Project
- 25. School Age Children www.thedigialfamily.org • Technology Use • Need for school work • Cheating their way into Facebook • Cell phone • Video game use 25 The Digital Family Project
- 26. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org Is Your Child Allowed to Play Video Games? No 11% Yes 89% Do You and Your Child Play Video Games Together? No 42% Yes 58% 26 The Digital Family Project
- 27. Recommendations: School Age Children www.thedigialfamily.org • Psychoeducation • Need to be minimally literate • Need rules! • Limit setting • Filtering • Rating systems • Introduce cybersafety TristanG_MD • Cell phone • Clinicians need to ask: • How much screen time is your child watching? • Is there a TV or internet connection in your child’s bedroom? • Any technology free zones? • What are you modeling? 27 The Digital Family Project
- 28. Empowering Parents 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 TV in No TV in TV on most TV on a No media Have media bedroom bedroom of the time little/never rules rules Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 The Digital Family Project
- 29. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org How Often Do You Use Technology as a Reward for Good Behavior or Limit Technology as a Punishment for Bad Behavior from Your Child? 50% 45% 45% 40% 37% 35% 33% Never 30% Rarely 25% Sometimes 21% Frequently 20% 16% 16% 15% All the time 15% 10% 8% 8% 5% 1% 0% Use Technology for Reward Limit Technology for Punishment 29 The Digital Family Project
- 30. www.thedigitalfamily.org TEENS 30 The Digital Family Project
- 31. Teens www.thedigitalfamily.org • Developmental Task • Separation • Identity formation • Continued connection with family (frenemy) 31 The Digital Family Project
- 32. Teens www.thedigitalfamily.org • Technology Use • Facebook • Texting • Video-chatting • Technology Challenges • Going Viral • PIBs • Desire to not be monitored 32 The Digital Family Project
- 33. Teens and Technology www.thedigitalfamily.org Typical Daily Media Usage of 2000 Youth (ages 8 – 18) 5.00 4.00 TOTAL MEDIA EXPOSURE 3.00 Hours 10 hrs and 45 minutes 2.00 1.00 0.00 TV Music Computers Video Print Movies Games Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 33 The Digital Family Project
- 34. Teens www.thedigitalfamily.org • Parenting Challenges • Staying involved • Staying on top of technology • Parenting Interventions • Be curious and interested 34 The Digital Family Project
- 35. Teens and Technology Media Usage Heavy (> 16 hrs) Moderate (3-16 hrs) Low (<3 hrs) 17% 63% 20% Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 The Digital Family Project
- 36. Teens and Technology GRADES A’s and B’s C’s, D’s, and F’s 100% 100% 80% 80% 60% 60% 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% Light Users Moderate Users Heavy Users Light Users Moderate Users Heavy Users Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 The Digital Family Project
- 37. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org How Likely are You to Set Limits on Your 15- to 17-Year-Old Child's Technology Use? 40% 37% 35% 30% 30% 25% 20% 17% 17% 15% 10% 5% 0% Not likely Somewhat likely Highly likely Extremely likely 37 The Digital Family Project
- 38. www.thedigitalfamily.org COLLEGE STUDENTS 38 The Digital Family Project
- 39. Developmental Tasks: College Students www.thedigitalfamily.org • Staying connected and letting go • More decisions made independently • Rely on advice, comfort, companionship from peers • Begin to imagine future identity in work • Parents welcome new ideas, friends, music,etc. of their kids 39 The Digital Family Project
- 40. Technology usage: College students www.thedigitalfamily.org • Parents’ willingness to learn from kids about technology usage • 50% of college kids say that playing video games, keeps them from studying • College kids lead the way in tech and gadget use • 100% of college students use the internet • 86% of college students use social networking sites, compared to 60% of all adults (Pew Internet Project, 2011) 40 The Digital Family Project
- 41. College students – Time Usage www.thedigitalfamily.org 15 12 9 6 3 0 Activity (hrs/week) Texting Studying Attending Class Talking on Phone Hanson, 2010 41 The Digital Family Project
- 42. The Digital Family Project www.thedigitalfamily.org Weekly communication 100% 90% 80% Parents -> Children 70% Children -> Parents 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Call Text Email Facebook IM 42 The Digital Family Project
- 43. College Students www.thedigitalfamily.org http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1sT7QV8nfU 43 The Digital Family Project
- 44. Recommendations: College kids www.thedigitalfamily.org • Counsel against the temptation to snoop through checking Facebook, texting constantly • Facilitate conversations with families so that kids can guide parents about how often and with what technology he or she wants to connect • Who should initiate contact? • If communication drops off, don’t hit the panic button • Parents shouldn’t be managing every day tasks like waking kids up, editing papers, arranging job interviews. 44 The Digital Family Project
- 45. www.thedigitalfamily.org Family & Technology Survey www.thedigitalfamily.org 45 The Digital Family Project
- 46. www.thedigitalfamily.org THANK YOU Anne Fishel, PhD Tristan Gorrindo, MD Director of Family and Couples Therapy, Associate Director, Massachusetts General Hospital MGH Center for Mental Health & Media Associate Clinical Professor, Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School [email protected] [email protected] 46 The Digital Family Project