Tenses
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The document explains the main verb tenses in English: present, past, and future. It details their uses, such as simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms, providing examples for each. The text outlines how these tenses describe actions in various time frames and contexts.
Tenses
- 3. Three Main Tenses ď‚ž A verb that refers to present time is said to be in the Present Tense (I write) ď‚ž A verb that refers to past time is said to be in the Past Tense (I wrote) ď‚ž A verb that refers to Future time is said to be in the Future Tense (I shall write)
- 4. Simple Present Tense  It is used :-  To express habitual Action……like He drinks tea every morning  To express general Truth Honey is sweet  To express future event that is part of fixed timetable or fixed programme The next flight is at 7.00 tomorrow morning It is also used to express quotation
- 5. Present Continuous Tense  It is used:-  For an action going on at the time of speaking She is singing (now) For a temporary action which may not be actually happening at the time of speaking. For an action that has already be arranged to take place in near future……. Like I am going to the cinema tonight.
- 6. Present Perfect Tense  To indicate completed activities in the immediate past (with just) as….. He has just gone out. To express past actions whose time is not given and not define…… I have never known him to be angry To denote an action beginning at some time in the past and continuing up to the present moment… (often with since and for phrases)….as He has been ill since last week. We have lived here for ten years.
- 7. Present Perfect continuous Tense  It is used for an action which began at some time in past and still continuing….. As He has been sleeping for five hours (and is still sleeping)
- 8. Simple Past Tense  It is used to indicate an action completed in past. It often occurs with adverb or adverb phrase of time…. I received his letter a week ago. Sometimes this tense is used without an adverb of time….. In such cases time may be either implied or indicated by context…… I learnt Hindi in Nagpur. I didn’t sleep well……(last night)
- 9. Past Continuous Tense  It denotes an action going on at some time in the past….. The time of an action may or may not be indicated.  It was getting Darker.  When I saw him, he was playing Chess.  This tense is also used with always, continually. Etc…… for persistent habits in the past….  He was always Grumbling.
- 10. Past Perfect Tense  It describes an action completed before a certain moment in the past…. I met him in New Delhi in 1996. I had seen him last five years before. Note : if two actions happened in past, it may be necessary to show which action happened earlier then the other. The past perfect is mainly used in such situation. Simple past is used in one clause and past perfect in the other.
- 11. Past Perfect Continuous Tense  It is used for an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time….. As  When Mr. Ahmed came to school in 1995, Mr. Noor had been Teaching there for five years.
- 12. Simple Future Tense  It is used to talk about things which we cannot control. It expresses the future as fact….  I shall be twenty next Saturday.  We use this tense to talk about what we think or believe will happen in the future…..  I think Pakistan will win the match.  It is used when we decide to do something at the time of speaking……  It is raining. I’ll take an Umbrella.
- 13. Simple Future Tense  We use the going to form, when we have decided to do something before talking about it. Have you decided what to do? Yes…. I’m going to resign the job. It is used… when there is something in the present which tell us about the future. the boat is full of water. It is going to sink.
- 14. Simple Future Tense  The going to form may also express an action which is on the point of happening.  Let’s go into the train. It’s going to leave.
- 15. Future Continuous Tense  We used to talk about actions which will be in progress at the time in Future…….  This time tomorrow I will be in Karachi.  We Also used to talk about those actions in the future which are already planned or which are expected to happen in the normal course of things.  I’ll be staying here till Sunday.
- 16. Future Perfect Tense  It is used to talk about actions that will be completed by a certain future time……  By the end of this month I will have worked here for five years.
- 17. Future Perfect Continuous Tense  It is used for actions which will be in progress over a period of time that will end in the future.  I’ll have been teaching for twenty years next July.