pakistan army general properties of materials mechanical properties chemical properties physical properties solution load shading energy army rockwell hardening intergranular corrosion arc furnace internet study composites erosion corrosion general characteristics of gray cast irons high chromium white irons malleable irons microstructure of cast iron nucleation of flake and spheroidal graphite mechanical properties of cast iron cast iron alloying system metallurgical properties of cast iron brief history of cast irons ductile iron applications corrosion atmospheric corrosion muffle furnace parts construction muffle furnace instrumentation of muffle furnace thermister working of a optical pyrometer principle of operation pyrometer working of a pyrometer working pyrometer common detectors in pyrometers thermopile types of pyrometers cast irons ferritic malleable irons general characteristics of white cast irons metallurgical properties of cast irons sub classifications of cast iron terrorism in pakistan causes &amp age hardening quenching media stress relieving process annealing. tempering thermo-electric pyrometer heat treatments case hardening induction hardening normalising pyrometry spheroidising optical pyrometer seger cones annealing heat treatment metallic bonding atomic bonding ionic bond secondary bonding co-ordinate covalent bond types of primary bonding primary bonding bonding energy polar molecule induced dipole bond types of covalent bond dipole dipole bond covalent bond fluctuating induced dipole bond d effectively memory study skills techniques facebook social media testing electric arc furnace forces labor child labor penned creep brine ll phase rules phase-diagrams tolerances allowances dimension water jet cutting solid solution sintering furnace comunication extraction titanium ceramics casting foundry arts law co-efficient of thermal expansion surface films corrosive medias lens optical/ metallurgical microscopy magnification of microscope wawelength of illumination principle of image formation lens manufacturing erosion corrosion of aluminum alloys uniform corrosion pitting corrosion fill form corrosion corrosion engineering basic corrosion flux-cored arc welding design considerations in welding arc welding weld quality other fusion welding processes gas metal arc welding shielded metal arc welding resistance welding oxy fuel gas welding welding process solid state welding weld ability plastic welding resistance weldind welding defects waste managment metallurgical plant pollution hardening with self tempering stage quenching hardening of hypo and hyper eutectoid steel homogeneity and grain size of austenite & quenchin factors effecting the hardening process direct quenching effect of chemical composition knife line attack types of intergranular corrosion mechanism intergranular corrosion weld decay causes of intergranular corrosion plasticity mechanization elasticity properties of materials / mechanical properties of creep and creep testing hydrostatic extrusion die materials direct extrusion types of hot extrusion hot extrusion function of dummy block vertical extrusion process extrusion ratio r - 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