KUNAL RPWD PPT..pptx
- 1. The RIGHTS. OF PERSON WITH DISABILITIES , ACT 2016 By KUNAL IDD 2ND YEAR
- 2. 1.Physical disability.— A. Locomotor disability (a person's inability to execute distinctive activities associated with movement of self and objects resulting from affliction of musculoskeletal or nervous system or both), including— (a) "leprosy cured person" means a person who has been cured of leprosy but is suffering from— (i) loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation and paresis in the eye and eye-lid but with no manifest deformity; (ii) manifest deformity and paresis but having sufficient mobility in their hands and feet to enable them to engage in normal economic activity;
- 3. “LOCOMOTOR DISABILITY” means a person’s inability to execute distinctive activities associated with movement of self and objects resulting from affliction of musculoskeletal or nervous system or both. SIGNS Paralysis, Unsteady movements of limbs, poor muscle control and loss of limb.
- 4. "CEREBRALPALSY" means a Group of non-progressive neurological condition affecting body movements and muscle coordination, caused by damage to one or more specific areas of the brain, usually occurring before, during or shortly after birth;
- 5. Many persons with Cerebral palsy have normal intellectual levels. The manifestation of special needs depends on many factors including the environment. The general cause of Cerebral palsy is Birth Asphyxia which is fully preventable with better maternal/Child care health services at the community level. Signs: Muscles that are very tight and do not stretch. They may tighten up even more over time. difficulty in walking Joints are tight and do not open up all the way. Muscle weakness or loss of movement in a group of muscles. The symptoms may affect one arm or leg, one side of the body, both legs, and both arms and legs.
- 6. "DWARFISM" means a medical or genetic condition resulting in an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimeters) or less;
- 7. "muscular dystrophy" "muscular dystrophy" means a group of hereditary genetic muscle disease that weakens the muscles that move the human body and persons with multiple dystrophy have incorrect and missing information in their genes, which prevents them from making the proteins they need for healthy muscles. It is characterised by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue;
- 8. "muscular dystrophy" There are nine main categories of muscular dystrophy that contain more than thirty specific types. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) which typically affects males beginning around the age of four. Other types include Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy. They are due to mutations in genes that are involved in making muscle proteins. This can occur due to either inheriting the defect from one's parents or the mutation occurring during early development. Disorders may be X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant. Diagnosis often involves blood tests and genetic testing.
- 9. "muscular dystrophy“ Courtesy- association for muscular dystrophy
- 10. "ACID ATTACK VICTIMS" "ACID ATTACK VICTIMS" means a person disfigured due to violent assaults by throwing of acid or similar corrosive substance. Acid throwing, also called an acid attack, a vitriol attack or vitriol age, is a form of violent assault defined as the act of throwing acid or a similarly corrosive substance onto the body of another "with the intention to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill."
- 12. B. Visual impairment (a) "blindness" means a condition where a person has any of the following conditions, after best correction— (i) total absence of sight; or (ii) visual acuity less than 3/60 or less than 10/200 (Snellen) in the better eye with best possible correction; or (iii) limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of less than 10 degree. (b) "low-vision" means a condition where a person has any of the following conditons, namely:— (i) visual acuity not exceeding 6/18 or less than 20/60 upto 3/60 or upto 10/200 (Snellen) in the better eye with best possible corrections; or
- 14. C. Hearing impairment (a) "deaf" means persons having 70 DB hearing loss in speech frequencies in both ears; (b) "hard of hearing" means person having 60 DB to 70 DB hearing loss in speech frequencies in both ears;
- 15. "speech and language disability" D. "speech and language disability" means a permanent disability arising out of conditions such as laryngectomy or aphasia affecting one or more components of speech and language due to organic or neurological causes. There are many kinds of speech and language disorders that can affect children. we’ll talk about four major areas in which these impairments occur. These are the areas of: Articulation-speech impairments where the child produces sounds incorrectly (e.g., lisp, difficulty articulating certain sounds, such as “l” or “r”);
- 16. There are many kinds of speech and language disorders that can affect children. we’ll talk about four major areas in which these impairments occur. These are the areas of: Articulation-speech impairments where the child produces sounds incorrectly (e.g., lisp, difficulty articulating certain sounds, such as “l” or “r”); Fluency-speech impairments where a child’s flow of speech is disrupted by sounds, syllables, and words that are repeated, prolonged, or avoided and where there may be silent blocks or inappropriate inhalation, exhalation, or phonation patterns; Voice- speech impairments where the child’s voice has an abnormal quality to its pitch, resonance, or loudness; and
- 17. speech and language disability
- 18. 3.INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Intellectual disability, a condition characterized by significant limitation both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior which covers a range of every day, social and practical skills, including— The most common are causes of intellectual disabilities. GENETIC CONDITIONS. Sometimes an intellectual disability is caused by abnormal genes inherited from parents, errors when genes combine, or other reasons. Examples of genetic conditions are Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and phenylketonuria (PKU).
- 19. PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCY. An intellectual disability can result when the baby does not develop inside the mother properly. For example, there may be a problem with the way the baby’s cells divide as it grows. A woman who drinks alcohol or gets an infection like rubella during pregnancy may also have a baby with an intellectual disability. PROBLEMS AT BIRTH. If a baby has problems during labor and birth, such as not getting enough oxygen, he or she may have an intellectual disability. HEALTH PROBLEMS. Diseases like whooping cough, the measles, or meningitis can cause intellectual disabilities. They can also be caused by extreme malnutrition (not eating right), not getting enough medical care, or by being exposed to poisons like lead
- 21. SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES "specific learning disabilities" means a heterogeneous group of conditions wherein there is a deficit in processing language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself as a difficulty to comprehend, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations and includes such conditions as perceptual disabilities, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia and developmental aphasia;
- 23. “AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER" "AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER" means a neuro- developmental condition typically appearing in the first three years of life that significantly affects a person's ability to communicate, understand relationships and relate to others, and is frequently associated with unusal or stereotypical rituals or behaviours. SIGNS: Autism may result in sensitivity to sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste. Echolalia and difficulty for meaningful interaction are noticeable symptoms.
- 24. “AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER“ Courtesy- World Autism Awareness Day in 2009 Photo: S. Subramanium THE HINDU
- 25. 3. MENTAL BEHAVIOR "mental illness" means a substantial disorder of thinking, mood, perception, orientation or memory that grossly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life, but does not include retardation which is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person, specially characterized by sub normality of intelligence.
- 26. "MENTAL ILLNESS" John Forbes Nash Jr.-Noble prize winner
- 27. 4. Disability caused due to (a) chronic neurological conditions (i) "multiple sclerosis" means an inflammatory, nervous system disease in which the myelin sheaths around the axons of nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and affecting the ability of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord to communicate with each other; THE MAIN SYMPTOMS INCLUDE: fatigue difficulty walking vision problems, such as blurred vision problems controlling the bladder
- 28. numbness or tingling in different parts of the body muscle stiffness and spasms problems with balance and co-ordination problems with thinking, learning and planning
- 29. "PARKINSON'S DISEASE" (ii) "parkinson's disease" means a progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle-aged and elderly people associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
- 31. (b) Blood disorder— (I) "HAEMOPHILIA" means an inheritable disease, usually affecting only male but transmitted by women to their male children, characterized by loss or impairment of the normal clotting ability of blood so that a minor would may result in fatal bleeding;
- 32. SYMPTOMS INCLUDE: Excessive bleeding Excessive bruising Easy bleeding Nose bleeds Abnormal menstrual bleeding
- 33. "THALASSEMIA" (ii) "thalassemia" means a group of inherited disorders characterised by reduced or absent amounts of haemoglobin. WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF THALASSEMIA? Thalassemia is caused by variant or missing genes that affect how the body makes hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. People with thalassemia make less hemoglobin and have fewer circulating red blood cells than normal, which results in mild or severe microcytic anemia.
- 34. "THALASSEMIA"
- 35. "SICKLE CELL DISEASE" (iii) "sickle cell disease" means a hemolytic disorder characterised by chronic anemia, painful events, and various complications due to associated. With sickle cell disease, an inherited group of disorders, red blood cells contort into a sickle shape. The cells die early, leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anaemia), and can block blood flow causing pain (sickle cell crisis). Infections, pain and fatigue are symptoms of sickle cell disease. Treatments include medications, blood transfusions and rarely a bone-marrow transplant.
- 37. Multiple Disabilities Multiple Disabilities (more than one of the above specified disabilities) including deaf blindness which means a condition in which a person may have combination of hearing and visual impairments causing severe communication, developmental, and educational problems. Other causes can include: Chromosomal abnormalities Premature birth Difficulties after birth
- 38. Poor development of the brain or spinal cord Infections Genetic disorders Injuries from accidents