Multitasking: Maximum Effectiveness, Minimum Errors.

Multitasking: Maximum Effectiveness, Minimum Errors.

• 1.
  Managing MULTITASKING Maximum Effectiveness, MinimumErrors!
• 2.
  Multitasking and Emergency Services On each and every emergency response you will play many roles:  Healer  Counselor  Advocate  Liaison  Technician  Consultant  Driver  Radio operator  Equipment Specialist  How many of these roles do you find yourself attempting to perform at the same time?
• 3.
  Multitasking Directing attention and effortsat multiple tasks simultaneously.
• 4.
  Multitasking and Emergency Services "Todo two things at once is to do neither.” – Publilius Syrus 1st Century BC
• 5.
  The History ofMultitasking  Multitasking at work?  45% of American workers feel they are expected to work on too many tasks at once!  Computer term 1960s  Multimedia term 1990s  Multitasking at work?  100% of Emergency workers feel they are expected to work on too many tasks at once!
• 6.
  Who’s good atMultitasking? Young People? Women / Mothers? You? Me?
• 7.
  Who’s good atMultitasking?  Women vs Men  Studies show that neither gender is good at multitasking  Millennials and Multitasking  Gex X, Gen Y and Millenials perform multitasking more than previous generations  Studies show that they are no better at multitasking than their predecessors.
• 8.
  100 50 / 50 40/ 40 / 20 100 50 / 50 But I do it all the time!  Frequent multitasking does not change the limits of what the brain can process.  more stimuli = less attention to each item 100 %  LOSS TO TASK SWITCHING
• 9.
  The Science ofMultitasking  We are not capable of true multitasking  The illusion of multitasking.
• 10.
  The Science ofMultitasking Familiar “Automatic” Simple Trained Known Examples:  Splinting  Bandaging  Simple C Spine Focused “Controlled” Complex Untrained New Examples:  Angulated Fx  Uncontrolled Bleed  Kyphotic C-Spine immob.
• 11.
  The Science ofMultitasking  Task Switching  Switch from Familiar to Familiar  No Delay  Switch to Focused  Significant delay  Limited Perception and Recording  Interference and Distraction  Trigger Focused Process  Cognitive delay  Reduced Situational Awareness  Error
• 12.
  The Science ofMultitasking SAY THE COLORS AS FAST AS YOU CAN.
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  The Science ofMultitasking Red Blue Green Yellow Yellow Red Blue Red SAY THE COLORS AS FAST AS YOU CAN.
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  The Science ofMultitasking Red Blue Green Yellow Yellow Red Blue Red SAY THE COLORS AS FAST AS YOU CAN.
• 15.
  The Science ofMultitasking The Executive System Not one isolated part. Primarily prefrontal cortex. Handles Controlled Processes. Handles Task Switching. Air Traffic Controller.
• 16.
  Multitasking and Performance Hewlett Packard and Pitney Bowes studies show decrease in productivity.  2007 NY Times Article: $650 Billion in lost productivity due to “Information Overload”  Hewlett Packard and Pitney Bowes studies show decrease in productivity.  2007 NY Times Article: $650 Billion in lost productivity due to “Information Overload”  Too much multitasking can also cause  Stress Cortisol release  Short term memory loss  Inability to concentrate  Stress Damage to the Pre-Frontal Cortex  Short term memory loss
• 17.
  Multitasking and ClinicalSkills  ED / Critical Care studies show information loss during interruptions.  ED Physicians interrupted approximately every 10 minutes.  Direct impact on clinical patient care.  Information Loss  Diagnostic Errors  Medication Errors  Poor Clinical Judgment  This is in a “controlled” environment.
• 18.
  Multitasking and Education Experiment: Findthe 2 in the 5s
• 19.
  The Illusion ofAttention “If I have ever made any valuable discoveries, it has been owing more to patient attention, than to any other talent.” – Sir Isaac Newton
• 20.
  Multitasking and Emergency Services ”Payattention?” “We spend attention, our finite, limited capacity of awareness of what’s going on around us.” – Daniel Kahneman
• 21.
  No I Didn’t
• 22.
  Active SA Triggers Changein location (including arrival) Change in task (including receiving assignment) Change in resources (tools, water, crew, etc.) Change in conditions (or conditions do not change) YOU MUST ACTIVELY… PERCEIVE, PROCESS, PREDICT DECIDE, TAKE ACTION, COMMUNICATE/COORD.
• 32.
  Engage Students Answer Question s Make Eye Contact Connect Prior Lessons Scaffoldin g Lessons Be Profession al Be Positive Meet Special Needs Highlight Take Home Points
• 33.
  Multitasking Mistakes The threethings we must avoid in the classroom & on the street 1) Failing to prepare (classroom management) Forces educator multitasking 2) Failing to focus on the task at hand (lesson) Forces student multitasking, reduces effectiveness 3) Failing to focus on fundamentals (take home)
• 34.
  Multitasking and EMS “Concentrateall your work upon the task at hand. The Sun’s rays do not burn until focused!” – Alexander Graham Bell
• 35.
  Multitasking and EMS
• 36.
  Multitasking and EMS
• 37.
  What can wedo about it?  1) FOCUS ON THE TASK AT HAND  Identify & focus on Controlled Processes  Decide what needs our full attention  Triage and prioritize  Recognize Controlled Processes  Pay attention to that priority  Serial Task  Increase Efficiency  Reduce Errors
• 38.
  What can wedo about it?  OFF LOAD TASKS  Do more by doing less!  Delegate / Deflect  Hand off to colleagues / subordinates  Hand off to the hardware  Just Say No!  Checklists & Job Aids  Remove the task of memory  Remove the task of interface
• 39.
  What can wedo about it?  2) MINIMIZE DISTRACTIONS / INTERUPTIONS  The Medic Can’t See You Now  Set Up A Buffer  Define channels of communication.  Minimize channel scanning.  Sterile Cockpit Conditions  Clear the Air  Crew Resource Management
• 40.
  What can wedo about it?  Engineering Controls  Prompting reduces errors by moving tasks from Controlled to Automatic and reducing task load.  Grouping items together: Pediatrics Kit.  Labeling: Color Coding Medical Syringes.  Access Control: Med Systems  Alarms: Machine Monitored Limits  Mobile Data Terminals  Crew Resource Management  ESTABLISH PROMPTS  Hey! Over Here!
• 41.
  What can wedo about it?  3) TRAINING TO MAKE IT AUTOMATIC  Simulation and Stimulation  If automatic is faster and easier then let’s make more things Automatic.  Focus on Fundamentals Sports Professionals achieve a higher level of playing the game by practicing fundamentals so that they are Automatic, freeing their brain to work on the Controlled processes of strategy and tactics. How can we do the same in emergency services?
• 42.
  SUMMARY “A man’s gotto know his limitations.” – Dirty Harry, Magnum Force
• 44.
  SUMMARY The specifics canbe debated, but the core is irrefutable. The Human Brain is not designed to multitask. Multitasking is a necessary evil that must be managed, much like Godzilla.
• 45.
  SUMMARY The three thingswe must avoid in the classroom & on the street. 1) Failing to prepare for classroom management Forces educator multitasking 2) Failing to focus the lesson Forces student multitasking, reduces effectiveness 3) Failing to focus on fundamentals Forces a culture of failed situational awareness
• 46.
  Multitasking Mistakes The threethings we must avoid in the classroom & on the street 1) Failing to prepare (classroom management) Forces educator multitasking 2) Failing to focus on the task at hand (lesson) Forces student multitasking 3) Failing to focus on fundamentals (take home)
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  http://www.flickr.com/photos/22458831@N04/3676369069/