locus recessive dominance phenotype allele development paternal maternal placenta genes multiple allele pseudoallele isoallele blood type self-compatibility lozenge eyes functional allelism complementation test trans configuration cis configuration coupling position effect phosphorylation glycolysis intermediates atp transformation conjugation transduction plasmid recombination genome mendels's law genotype segregation assortment genomic imprinting angelman syndrome prader-willi syndrome eutherians precusor parental genotype gametes independent assortment gene expected frequency recombinant phenotypes crossing over recombinant chromosome nonrecombinant chromosome meiosis prophase double crossover loss of heterozygosity percentage of crossing over centimorgan pleiotropy penetrance and expressivity phenocopy polydactyly mutation codominance alleles chromosomes heterozygotes antigen blood types offspring incomplete dominance snapdragon heterozygote intermediate homozygous gene interaction epistasis hypostatic anthocyanin duplicate suppression complementary
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