Exception handling
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Exception handling in Java allows programmers to deal with errors and unexpected conditions gracefully. There are two main types of exceptions - checked exceptions which must be declared and caught, and unchecked exceptions which do not require declaration. Key aspects of exception handling include throwing exceptions explicitly, using try/catch blocks to handle exceptions, and finally blocks to ensure cleanup code executes. Programmers can also create their own custom exception classes by extending the Exception class. The ultimate goal of exception handling is to make programs more robust and safer.
![3
class throwDemo
{
public static void main(String s[])
{
int size;
int arry[]=new int[3];
size=Integer.parseInt(s[0]);
try
{
if(size<=0)
throw new NegativeArraySizeException("Illegal Array size");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
arry[i]+=i+1;
}
catch(NegativeArraySizeException e)
{
System.out.println(e);
throw e; //rethrow the exception
}
}
}
new operator used
parameter used into catch clause](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/exceptionhandling-101030164502-phpapp02/85/Exception-handling-3-320.jpg)
![5
import java.io.*;
class ThrowsDemo
{
psvm(String d[])throws IOException,NumberFormatException
{
int i;
InputStreamReader is=new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(in);
i=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
System.output.println(i);
}}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/exceptionhandling-101030164502-phpapp02/85/Exception-handling-5-320.jpg)
![19
class TestMyException
{
public static void main(String d[])
{
int x=5,y=1000;
try
{
float z=(float)x/(float)y;
if(z<0.01)
{
throw new MyException("too small number");
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/exceptionhandling-101030164502-phpapp02/85/Exception-handling-19-320.jpg)
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Exception handling
- 1. 1 Exception Handling in Java Shashwat Shriparv [email protected] InfinitySoft
- 2. 2 Exception Handling in Java throw It is possible to throw an exception explicitly. Syntax: throw ThrowableInstance throwableInstance must be an object of type Throwable or a subclass of Throwable. By 2 ways v can obtain a Throwable object 1.Using parameter into a catch clause 2.Creating one with new operator
- 3. 3 class throwDemo { public static void main(String s[]) { int size; int arry[]=new int[3]; size=Integer.parseInt(s[0]); try { if(size<=0) throw new NegativeArraySizeException("Illegal Array size"); for(int i=0;i<3;i++) arry[i]+=i+1; } catch(NegativeArraySizeException e) { System.out.println(e); throw e; //rethrow the exception } } } new operator used parameter used into catch clause
- 4. 4 throws If a method causing an exception that it doesn't handle, it must specify this behavior that callers of the method can protect themselves against the exception. This can be done by using throws clause. throws clause lists the types of exception that a method might throw. Form type methodname(parameter list) throws Exception list {//body of method}
- 5. 5 import java.io.*; class ThrowsDemo { psvm(String d[])throws IOException,NumberFormatException { int i; InputStreamReader is=new InputStreamReader(System.in); BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(in); i=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine()); System.output.println(i); }}
- 6. 6 finally It creates a block of code that will b executed after try/catch block has completed and before the code following try/catch block. It will execute whether or not an exception is thrown finally is useful for: •Closing a file •Closing a result set •Closing the connection established with db This block is optional but when included is placed after the last catch block of a try
- 7. 7 Form: try {} catch(exceptiontype e) {} finally {} finally finally Catch block try block
- 8. 8
- 9. Java Exception Type Hierarchy
- 11. 11
- 12. 12 ArithmeticException ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ClassCastException IndexOutOfBoundsException IllegalStateException NullPointerException SecurityException The types of exceptions that need not be included in a method’s throws list are called Unchecked Exceptions. Unchecked Exceptions
- 13. 13 ArithmeticException ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ArrayStoreException ClassCastException IllegalArgumentException IllegalMonitorStateException IllegalStateException IllegalThreadStateException IndexOutOfBoundsException NegativeArraySizeException Exception Arithmetic error, such as divide-by-zero. Array index is out-of-bounds. Assignment to an array element of an incompatible type. Invalid cast. Illegal argument used to invoke a method. Illegal monitor operation, such as waiting on an unlocked thread. Environment or application is in incorrect state. Requested operation not compatible with current thread state. Some type of index is out-of-bounds. Array created with a negative size. Meaning Unchecked Exceptions
- 14. 14 ClassNotFoundException CloneNotSupportedException IllegalAccessException InstantiationException InterruptedException NoSuchFieldException NoSuchMethodException The types of exceptions that must be included in a method’s throws list if that method can generate one of these exceptions and does not handle it ,are called Checked Exceptions. Checked Exceptions
- 15. 15 Checked Exceptions Class not found. Attempt to clone an object that does not implement the Cloneable interface. Access to a class is denied. Attempt to create an object of an abstract class or interface. One thread has been interrupted by another thread. A requested field does not exist. A requested method does not exist. ClassNotFoundException CloneNotSupportedException IllegalAccessException InstantiationException InterruptedException NoSuchFieldException NoSuchMethodException Exception Meaning
- 16. • A checked exception is any subclass of Exception (or Exception itself), excluding class RuntimeException and its subclasses. • Making an exception checked forces client programmers to deal with the possibility that the exception will be thrown. • eg, IOException thrown by java.io.FileInputStream's read() method . • Unchecked exceptions are RuntimeException and any of its subclasses. Class Error and its subclasses also are unchecked. 16 Java’s Built-in Exceptions: inside java.lang package
- 17. • With an unchecked exception, however, the compiler doesn't force client programmers either to catch the exception or declare it in a throws clause. • In fact, client programmers may not even know that the exception could be thrown. • eg, StringIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown by String's charAt() method. • Checked exceptions must be caught at compile time. Runtime exceptions do not need to be. 17
- 18. 18 Creating our own Exception class For creating an exception class our own simply make our class as subclass of the super class Exception. Eg: class MyException extends Exception { MyException(String msg) { super(msg); } }
- 19. 19 class TestMyException { public static void main(String d[]) { int x=5,y=1000; try { float z=(float)x/(float)y; if(z<0.01) { throw new MyException("too small number"); } }
- 20. 20 catch(MyException me) { System.out.println("caught my exception"); System.out.println(me.getMessage()); } finally { System.out.println("from finally"); } } } • E:JAVAPGMS>java TestMyException • caught my exception • too small number • from finally Output
- 21. 21 Making safer program by providing special mechanism Objective of Exception Handling Summary