3d printing

A Revolution Called 3D Printing
Prepared by: Ankush, Prashant

“3D printing” or “Additive Manufacturing” takes digital input in the form of
Computer Aided Design (CAD) model and creates solid, three dimensional
parts through an additive, layer by layer process.

A person creates a 3D image
of an item using a computer-
aided design (CAD) software
program.
The CAD information is sent
to the printer.
The printer forms the item
by depositing the material in
layers—starting from the
bottom layer—onto a
platform. In some cases light
or lasers are used to harden
the material.
How Does It Work?

1984 - 86
Charles Hull invents 3D printing and coins the
term “Stereo Lithography”
1992
First 3D printer built by 3D Systems
1999
First application of 3D printing in the medical field
- creating the human bladder
History

2000
Miniature human kidney created through 3D
printing
2006
The Selective Laser Sintering machine – printing
multiple materials & fields
2009
First usable prosthetic leg – this opens the door
for customized products using 3D printing
2011
3D printers start offering 14k gold as printable
material

It is predicted that the 3D printing industry is set to grow 300% in the next 7
years!
(Source: http://on3dprinting.com/2012/08/06/infographic-how-3d-printing-works-industry-growth-stocks-and-more/ )
Projected Growth

USES OF 3D PRINTING
1/24/2016 7

Concept Modeling
Use:
Concept modeling lets small design
and engineering firms extend their
reach by testing out more ideas and
developing only the right projects. For
large companies, concept modeling
within departments — or even in
individual cubicles — is a way to hone
ideas before presenting them to
superiors.
Example:
California-based 3D Reprographics
makes architectural models for its
clients. They found 3D printing to be a
great fit for making a strong accurate
presentation model.

Use:
Functional prototyping helps in
creating amazingly realistic
prototypes with the look and feel of
a real product.
Example:
Lamborghini, while developing its
new flagship model Aventador in
2011, made extensive use of 3D
printing technology to build a
functional prototype of the car.
Functional Prototyping

Use:
Quick, low-volume tooling and
custom fixtures give
manufacturers the flexibility to
embrace more opportunities.
Example:
Xerox introduced a low-volume
printer to serve a specialized
market. 3D printing offered quick
solutions with 350 components
printed and generated within 1
hour for testing of the new
machine.
Manufacturing Tools

End Use Parts Use:
3D printing is capable of
building the most durable,
stable, and repeatable parts in
the industry, whose accuracy
can be compared with injection
molding.
Example:
Kelly Manufacturing Company
(KMC), the world’s largest
manufacturer of general aviation
instruments, makes extensive use
of 3D printing by producing
prototypes of critical components
for an aircraft quickly; the process
would otherwise take an
estimated 3-4 weeks.

Finishing Use:
Sealing, polishing and painting
expand the possibilities of
what a 3D printer is capable of.
Example:
Product Development
Solutions (PDS) specializes in
supplying components to a
wide range of industries
including medical and
aerospace. It makes extensive
use of 3D printing technology
in finishing and painting the
parts for a better look and feel
of components.

3D
Printing
Medical
Food
Games &
Entertainment
Do It YourselfPop-Culture
Defense &
Space
Fashion &
Retail

Fashionable Plaster
This 3D-printed cast to help repair
broken bones may be the future of
medical orthopedic casts. 3D-printed
casts also bring out the positive
potential of this emerging technology.
Medical

Artificial Arms for Disabled
Richard Van As, a South African
carpenter, assembles a Robohand and
fits it to Liam Dippenaar. Liam was
born without fingers on his right hand.
Makerbot provided them with the 3D
printing technology that they used to
print the parts for the Robohand.
Medical

Bionic Ears
Scientists, including an Indian-origin
researcher, have created a 3D-printed
bionic ear that can "hear" radio
frequencies far beyond the range of
normal human capability. Using off-
the-shelf printing tools, the scientists
at Princeton University explored 3D
printing of cells and nano particles,
creating the bionic ear.
Medical

Secrets of the Heart
Laura Olivieri, a pediatric cardiologist
at the Children's National Medical
Center in Washington DC (which spent
$250,000 on the 3D printer) says that
these replica hearts are ideal for dry
runs of complex operations, allowing
the surgeon to see beforehand the
exact anatomical landscape they will
have to navigate.
Medical

Grow Your Own Organs
Surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala
demonstrated during TED an early-
stage experiment that could someday
solve the organ-donor problem: a 3D
printer that uses living cells to print out
a transplantable kidney.
Medical

Just Toying
Crayon Creatures is a service to turn
children’s drawings into figurines—
nice-looking designer objects to
decorate the home and office with a
colorful touch of wild creativity.
Games &
Entertain
ment

Animated Characters
Sony pictures was the first to embrace
the concept of 3D printing to create
characters for the movie Pirates – A
Band of Misfits.
Games &
Entertain
ment

3D Printing on TV
Popular sitcom The Big Bang Theory
shows how a 3D printer can be used
for a hobby; in this case creating their
own miniature figures.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oi_
sJpd7d4c
Pop-
Culture

Skyfall’s Aston Martin
Skyfall filmmakers 3D-printed this rare
Aston Martin so they wouldn't have to
damage the original for the film
sequence. The effects crew model
makers called on a company called
Voxeljet, which used a massive 3D
printer with a capacity of 283 cubic
feet to reproduce three 1:3 scale
models of the Aston Martin.
Pop-
Culture

Print @ Home
Microsoft will provide support for 3D
printers in the next update of its
Windows 8 operating system. The firm
has struck deals with a number of
major 3D printer makers including
Makerbot, 3D Systems, Formlabs,
Dassault and Stratasys. Under the
deal they will develop automatically-
loading driver software that will ease
3D printer set-up at home.
Do It
Yourself

Personalized Robots
The use of 3D printing technology has
greatly expanded the possibilities for
wing design, allowing wing shapes to
replicate those of real insects or
virtually any other shape. It has also
reduced the time of a wing design
cycle to a matter of minutes. An insect
made up of 3D printed parts with a
mass of 3.89g has been constructed
using the 3D printing technique and
has demonstrated an 85-second
passively stable untethered ﬂight. In
the future, we can see more robots
that will crawl, fly and roll out of
printers in homes and labs around the
world.
Do It
Yourself

Pottery
Unfold, a design firm based in
Belgium, collaborated with Tim
Knapen to create a machine that
enables users to sculpt virtually. “The
Electronic Artisan” is made of a 3D
laser scanner and a RepRap, which is
a printer that can create objects in
three dimensions. Virtual artisanship is
made possible by the use of software
that tracks hand movement and
printing methods that mimic age-old
techniques.
Do It
Yourself

Components on Demand
To prepare for a future where parts
can be built on-demand in space,
Made in Space, the space
manufacturing company, has
partnered with NASA’s Marshall Space
Flight Center to launch the first 3D
printer to space. Made in Space’s
customized 3D printer will be the first
device to manufacture parts away
from planet Earth. The 3D printing in
Zero-G Experiment will validate the
capability of additive manufacturing
(AM) in zero-gravity.
Do It
Yourself

A Car That Builds Itself
Designers and makers have been
busy imagining uses for 3D printers,
ranging from casts to houses to duck
feet. Vehicle designer Nir Siegel
doesn't just want to 3D-print cars, he
wants them to assemble themselves.
The Genesis car concept is just an
idea right now, but it's an intriguing
concept. As 3D printers advance, we
inch closer to a sci-fi future where you
could call up Audi or Toyota, order a
car and have it delivered, ready to
create itself to match your desires.
Do It
Yourself

Print Your Home
Do It
Yourself
WikiHouse is an open source
construction set being developed
collaboratively by a small, but growing,
community of people all around the
world. There is no fixed design “team”
or “studio,” but a steadily growing
community of designers from all
disciplines. They all share a common
belief that developing freely available
design solutions which are affordable,
sustainable and adaptive to differing
needs is a worthwhile aim.

Eyes on You
New technologies using Unmanned
Aircraft Vehicles (UAV) could create a
new, cost-effective and reliable
monitoring service. Researchers at
University of Southampton, UK have
created a new 3D printed drone, called
2Seas, that could soon be used by
maritime security organizations. The
heart of 2Seas – the central wing box,
fuel tank and engine mountings – was
3D-printed, the wings and tail are
made from carbon fiber.
Defense
& Space

Drone It Yourself
Defense
& Space
Home-built drones are very popular
among hobbyists with backgrounds in
electronics and robotics. Jasper van
Loenen, an independent designer
working in the field of interaction
design and art, wanted to make the
design simpler so anyone could make
their own robots. Van Loenen created
a custom DIY (Drone It Yourself) v1.0
kit that turns any object into an
unmanned aerial vehicle, simply by
attaching four motors and a control
unit – no technical know-how needed.
http://vimeo.com/jasperl/diy

“Liberator”
Defense Distributed successfully test
fired the world's first 3D-printed
handgun named Liberator.
All 16 parts of the gun are made from
a tough, heat-resistant plastic used in
products such as musical instruments,
kitchen appliances and vehicle
bumper bars. Fifteen of those are
made with a 3D printer while one is a
non-functional metal part which can be
picked up by metal detectors, making
it legal under U.S. law. The firing pin is
also not made of plastic, though it is
easily crafted from a metal nail.
Defense
& Space

3D-printed Lunar Base
Building a base on the moon could
theoretically be made much simpler by
using a 3D printer to construct it from
local materials. The concept was
recently endorsed by the European
Space Agency (ESA) which is now
collaborating with architects to gauge
the feasibility of 3D printing using lunar
soil.
“3D printing offers a potential means
of facilitating lunar settlement with
reduced logistics from Earth,” said
Scott Hovland of ESA’s human
spaceflight team.
Defense
& Space

Show The World!
Malaysian fashion designer Melinda
Looi collaborated with Belgian 3D
printing studio Materialise to create
Asia’s first entirely 3D printed runway
collection. Looi’s design team worked
with 3D modelers and engineers to
create each look, which took months
to design before being printed.
Fashion
& Retail

Design Your Own Clothes
Designed by Joshua Harris, an
industrial engineer, for an Electrolux
design competition in 2010, the
concept printer would not only print out
clothing, but would recycle used
clothing as well. The idea is that the
fashion designers of the future will
sell cartridges for the printer
containing colors and materials to use
with their digital designs!
Joshua envisions this printer in homes
by 2050!!
Fashion
& Retail

Print Your Footwear
Fashion designer Iris van Herpen and
shoe designer Rem D Koolhaas have
collaborated to create 3D-printed
shoes that look like tree roots. The
shoes were presented at Paris
Fashion Week during Iris van Herpen's
couture show.
Van Herpen is one of the first fashion
designers to experiment with 3D
printing. In an interview with a
magazine, she says, “Everybody could
have their own body scanned and just
order clothes that fit perfectly.”
Fashion
& Retail

That’s Sweet!
Los Angeles architects Kyle and Liz
von Hasseln have set up a business
that produces 3D-printed sugar
sculptures for wedding cakes, table
centerpieces and pie toppings.
This way 3D printing transforms sugar
into a structural and sculptural
medium. In future, it can define the
form of the food instead of the food
defining the structure.
Food

Space Food
NASA can send robots to Mars with no
worries about the food. However, if it's
ever going to put humans on the red
planet, then it has to figure out how to
feed them over the course of year-long
missions. So the space agency has
funded research for a 3D printer that
creates entrees or desserts at the
touch of a button. In this way, NASA
seeks inspiration from the concept of
the Food Replicator from the movie
Star Trek.
Food

Fab “Food” at Home
The 3D food printer is part of the
fab@home series by Cornell
university's computational synthesis
lab. Headed by Dr. Jeffrey Ian Lipton,
the team's fab@home technology,
designed as a collection of open-
source rapid prototyping systems,
allows three-dimensional objects to be
“printed” by a syringe, whose
movements are determined from
computer blueprints and models.
Layering lines of material ultimately
generate a three-dimensional object in
a process they call “solid freeform
fabrication.”
fab@home machines have already
been used to print chocolates,
cookies, and even domes of turkey
meat.
Food

Rep Rap
Model:
RepRapPr
o Huxley
Price:
$599
Eventorbot
Model:
Delta Micro
Up Afinia
H-Series
Price:
$1,500
Printrbot
Model:
Printrbot
GO
Price:
$1,500
Makerbot
Model:
Replicator
2x
Price:
$2,800
The Future
is 3D
Model:
Glacier
Steel
Price:
3000
3D
Systems
Model:
CubeX
Price:
$3000
Formlabs
Model:
Form 1
Price:
$3,300
Stratasys
Model: U
print SE
Plus
Price:
$15,000

Amanda’s Wandering Home
Amanda is a 25-year-old enthusiastic architect
who works as a freelance consultant. She never
wanted to stay in one place and called herself “the
wanderer”!
So, when she decided to build her own home, she
thought she wanted something very unique and a
home that was a wanderer in itself.
After a detailed research she built herself a 3D
printer that she could finally call her home! A 3D
printer, a home?!
The 3D printer was the central component of her
caravan styled home. The “caravan” had been 3D
printed by the printer around itself. The built-in
shredder could shred the components of the home
that she wanted to modify or remove.
Whenever she wanted to be on the move again,
the 3D printer would print out the engine to move
the caravan. In stationary state, the 3D printer
would print out energy generation systems like
solar panels and wind turbines.
She woke up with the buzz of the printer that
printed out her clothes for the day and she slept off
with the hum of the printer shredding off the waste
generated during the day, hence getting raw

Remya – 1st 3D Printed Human
Remya is a 1-day-old daughter of the
next-gen 3D printer system called
“Behold.”
Behold got released in the year 2050 and
became an instant hit with people who
wanted an extended life by printing out
worn out organs and tissues.
One day, a childless couple decided to
“print” much more than just organs. They
got source codes and designs of all the
organs and tissues required in a human
body from an open source Creative
Commons platform. They assembled the
parts together on a Design Software and
named the file “Remya.” Next, they just hit
the “print” button!
The whole process took 9 days. At last
they had a fully grown child that they
called Remya. That’s when the real
problems started- the printer started
showing them the status message,

@2013, ICE, All rights reserved
Address:
No. 184, Mission Street,
Puducherry - 605001
India.
Tel : +91 413 4210583/4/5
+91 413 4210583 / 4 / 5
ice.humanfactors.com/
facebook.com/uxtrendspotting
@UXTrendspotting
Contact ice@humanfactors.com for any further queries and
feedback.
1/24/2016 45
Thank You!

References
• https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=494164730653236&set=a.1
39188862817493.25247.139188202817559&type=1&theater
• http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23781-windows-aims-to-open-up-
3d-printing-to-the-masses.html.
• http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23785-printed-drones-to-hunt-
down-drugrunning-boats.html.
• http://www.psfk.com/2013/07/3d-printed-fashion-show.html.
• http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies
• http://www.wikihouse.cc/
• http://on3dprinting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/20120806-
Infographic-How-3D-Printing-Works-Preview.jpg
• http://lunarscience.nasa.gov/articles/building-a-lunar-base-with-3d-
printing/
• http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130706-3d-printable-drone-it-yourself-
kit-turns-any-object-into-an-uav.html
• http://creativemachines.cornell.edu/ornithopter
• http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130702-3d-printed-drones-to-monitor-
illegal-operations-at-sea.html
• http://betabeat.com/2013/05/first-fully-3d-printed-gun-created/
References

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