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- 1. Regional & Metropolitan Planning Dr. Mohammed Firoz . C Architect and Urbanist Department of Architecture and Planning National Institute of Technology Calicut, India Lecture 3
- 2. Lecture 3 : Regionalization of India
- 4. Administrative Regions -Introduction The geography of India is extremely diverse, with landscape ranging from snow capped mountain ranges to deserts plains, hills and plateaus. Having a coastline of over 7,000 km (4,300 miles), most of India lies on a peninsula in southern Asia that protrudes into the Indian Ocean . India is bordered by Pakistan the China, Bangladesh, Myanmer, Nepal, Bhutan and Afganistan. SriLanka and the Maldives are island nations to the south of India. Politically, India is divided into 28 states, six federally administered union territories and a National Capital territory. The political divisions generally follow linguistic and ethnic boundaries rather than geographic transitions.
- 5. Administrative Regions (Governance) Coutnry ( India) States ( Kerala) Districts ( Kozhikkode) Panchayath ( Chatamangalam) Block ( Kunnamagalam) The diagram below outlines the tiers of government: Union Government State Government Local Self Government Election Held to Parliament Election Held to State Assembly Election Held to State LSG ( Urban Govt- One vote and Rural areas 3 votes for all the 3 LSGs) Divisions in Some states
- 6. Administrative Regions -Zones •The States have been grouped into six zones having an Advisory Council "to develop the habit of cooperative working" among these States. •Zonal Council were set up vide Part-III of the State recognition Act, 1956. •The North Eastern States' special problems are addressed by another statutory body - The North Eastern Council, created by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971. •The present composition of each of these Zonal Councils is as under oNorthern Zonal Council: Chandigarh, Haryana, HP, J&K, Rajasthan, UK, Punjab, UP, Hariyana oNorth eastern Council: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram Nagaland and Tripura. ( And later Sikkim in 2002) oCentral Zonal Council : MP and Chhattisgarh oEastern Zonal Council ::Bihar, Jharkand, Odisha, WB oWestern Zonal Council: Dadar and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat and Maharashtra oSouthern Zonal Council :AP, Karnataka, Telungana, Kerala, Puducheri, TN, oAndaman n and Nicobar and Lakshwadewwp are not members of any council and Special invitees to the South Zonal Council
- 7. Administrative Regions –Zones Central Zone Eastern Zone Northern Zone Northern eastern Zone Sothern Zone Western Zone
- 8. Administrative Regions India–States and UT India is composed of 28 states and 8 union territories (including a national capital territory) The union territories are governed by administrators, appointed by the President of India. Three of the territories (Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry) have been given partial statehood, with elected legislatures and executive councils of ministers, with reduced powers
- 9. Administrative Regions India–Autonomous Regions The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution allows for the formation of Autonomous Admistrative Regions which have been given autonomy within their respective state
- 10. Administrative Regions of India–Divisions ( Super Districts) Many of the Indian states are subdivided into divisions which have official administrative governmental status and each division is headed by senior IAS officer called divisional Commissioner Currently, super district administrative divisions exist in 17 of the 28 states. The states of Gujarat, TN, Kerala, AP, Telungana, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and UT’s of Dadar and Nagar Haveli Daman & Diu, Puduchery, Lakshwadweep, and Andaman Nicobar islands do not have super district divisions.
- 11. Administrative Regions of India – ( Regions Non official) Some states consist of regions, which have no official administrative governmental status. They are purely geographic regions; due to historic older provinces etc . The boundaries of the regions and the boundaries of the divisions do not always coincide and Hence are not official Units of Administration Kutch Region Saurashtra region North Gujarat South Gujarat Central Gujarat In Kerala : Malabar, Travancore, Kochi Regions
- 12. Administrative Regions of India–Districts States and territories (or divisions) are further subdivided into Districts (zilla), of which there are 739 (as of 2020). Each District is headed by an IAS officer called District Magistrate ( District Collector)
- 13. Administrative Regions of India–Sub Districts Thsiils,, talukas, subdivisions, mandals, circles, headed by a Tahasilda or Talukdar A Tahsil comprise several villages or village clusters. The governmental / elected bodies at the Tehsil level are called the Panchayath samidhi States use varying names for their sub districts Taluk or Tehsil are mainly for revanue purposes Kerala Taluk divisions
- 14. Administrative Regions of India-Dev Units- Block The Block or Community development block or CD Block is often the next level of administrative division(for development purpose next to the district, Block are mainly development units Kozhikode Block divisions
- 15. Administrative Regions of India-Village Panchayats Villages are often the lowest level of subdivisions in India. The governmental bodies at the village level are called Gram Panchayts , Each Gram Panchayat covers a large village or a cluster of smaller villages. Villages are further divided into wards Villages of keala are the largest in India with some having population bigger than Municipalities
- 16. Physio Geographic Regions of India
- 17. Physio Geographical regions of India India is divided into seven geographic regions. They are • The northern mountains including the Himalayas and the northeast mountain ranges. • Indo-Gangetic plains • Indian Desert (Thar Desert) • Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau • East Coast • West Coast • Bordering seas and islands
- 18. Climatic Regions of India
- 19. Climatic regions of India Based on the Koppen System ( Based on a German Russian Climatologist ) India hosts six major climatic subtypes and further subdivided
- 20. Climatic regions of India Koppen System ( Super Imposed n the states)
- 21. Climatic regions of India Based on Climate
- 22. Agro Climatic Regions of India
- 23. Agro Climatic regions of India •An “Agro-climatic zone” is a land unit in terms of major climates, suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivars. •The planning aims at scientific management of regional resources to meet the food, fiber, fodder and fuel wood without adversely affecting the status of natural resources and environment •Agro-climatic conditions mainly refer to soil types, rainfall, temperature and water availability which influence the type of vegetations. •An agro-ecological zone is the land unit carved out of agro-climatic zone superimposed on landform
- 24. Agro Climatic regions of India The National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) came up with twenty agro- ecological zones based on the growing period as an integrated criteria of effective rainfall, soil groups, The delineated boundaries adjusted to district boundaries with a minimal number of regions. Subsequently, these twenty agro-ecological zones were sub- divided into 60 sub-zones.
- 25. Geological Regions of India
- 26. Geological based regions of India ( Eg) geological time period Rock Types
- 27. Disaster prone Regions of India
- 28. Disaster based regions of India ( Eg) Natural disasters in India include droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe cyclones; tsunamis; volcanic eruptions; hurricanes; landslides; avalanche; snowstorms; and earthquakes Natural Disaster Map Earth Quake vulnerability zones of India
- 29. Disaster based regions of India ( Eg) Zone V: Covers the areas liable to seismic intensity IX and above on Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. This is the most severe seismic zone and is referred here as Very High Damage Risk Zone. Zone IV: Gives the area liable to MM VIII. This, zone is second in severity to zone V. This is referred here as High Damage Risk Zone. Zone III: The associated intensity is MM VII. This is termed here as Moderate Damage Risk Zone. Zone II: The probable intensity is MM VI. This zone is referred to as Low Damage Risk Zone. Zone I: Here the maximum intensity is estimated as MM V or less. This zone is termed here as Very Low Damage Risk Zone.
- 30. Water shed Regions of India