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409_1 Itroduction 2023.pptx for naval archi
- 1. NAME-409 Marine Engineering -II Conducted by: Cdr Tasnuva Anan, (E), psc, BN 1
- 2. NAME 409: Course Outcome 2 1.Describe the characteristics of all ship fitted auxiliary machineries 2. Evaluate different design parameters and performance to select auxiliary machineries 3. Compare the characteristics of construction of different auxiliary machinery 4. Apply the knowledge of firefighting and lifesaving equipment and to decide about suitable auxiliary machineries for different vessel as a naval architect
- 3. NAME 409: Course Content 3 1.Pumps: Applications of pumps onboard, Types of pump, Characteristics of different pump, NPSH, Head calculation 2. Blowers and compressors: Applications of compressors onboard, Single stage and multistage compressors, Compressor instability, safety etc 3. Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Thermodynamics, Principles, Load calculation, 172 Construction details of different types of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, Refrigerants and their characteristics, Maintenance and repair of units and plants.
- 4. NAME 409: Course Content 4 4. Deck fittings: Windlasses, Capstan, Winches, Cranes, Cargo access equipment for dry, unitized, liquid and cryogenic cargoes 5. Steering gear Systems: Various types of steering system, Characteristics of different steering system, Construction details 6. Stabilizer: Types of stabilizer, Description of different stabilizer used in marine vessels. 7. Pipe: Pipe materials, Piping systems and valves, Steam traps, anchors, anchor hawse, chains, etc.
- 5. NAME 409: Course Content 5 8. Life Saving Apparatus: Types of life saving apparatus, Operation and use of life saving apparatus 9. Fire Fighting arrangement: Types of firefighting equipment, Location of installation, description of fixed firefighting equipment
- 6. NAME 409: Course Outline 6 Ser Topic Lecture Remarks 1 Introduction to Marine Engineering-II 1 2 Pumps: Type, Characteristics 2-6 3 Class test-1 7 Quiz/short type 4 Blower and Compressor 7-11 5 Steering Gear and Rudder 12-16 6 Stabilizer 17-20 7 Midterm MID term Exam 8 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 21--27 9 Class test-2 28 Quiz/Short question 10 Piping Materials and Systems 29-31 11 RO Plant, Centrifuge, Deck machinery 31-35 Quiz/ short type 12 Life saving apparatus, Fire Fighting eqpt 36-40 13 Class test-3 40 Quiz/ short type 14 Revision 41-42 Open discussion
- 7. Reference Books: 1. Marine Auxiliary Machinery – H.D. McGeorge 2. General Engineering Knowledge for Marine Engineers – L. Jackson and T. D. Morton 3. Marine Auxiliary Machinery – D.W. Smith 4. Marine Auxiliary Machinery & System – M. Khetagurov 5. Introduction to Naval Engineering – E. F. Gritzen 6. Introduction to Marine Engineering – D. A. Taylor 7. Principles of Naval Engineering – M. A. Carr 8. BR-3001 Marine Engineering Technical Instruction 9. BR-3003 Naval Marine Engineering Practice (Vol- I & II) 10.BR-3007 Refrigeration Manual 11.BR-3008 Material Process 7
- 8. Who is an Engineer? Talented persons with natural capacity or clever invention or who thinks ahead Educated technicians Basically, an engineer is a technician, mathematician as well as manager Introduction to Marine Engineering-II 8
- 9. What should an engineer learn? Language of engineering (Drawings, diagrams, layouts, charts, circuits etc) Mathematics Mechanics Scientific reasoning Logical reasoning Computational skills Managerial skills etc 9 Introduction to Marine Engineering-II
- 10. 10 Introduction to Marine Engineering-II What is engineering? The branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures. The profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize the materials and forces of the nature economically for the benefit of mankind What is marine engineering? The discipline of mechanical engineering along with electrical, electronic and Computer engineering for design, operation and maintenance of sea borne structure and machinery, on-board systems, and oceanographic technology.
- 11. Introduction to Marine Engineering-II A marine engineer needs to look after following systems in ships: 1. Propulsion system 2. Cargo handling system 3. POL systems 4. Firemain system 5. Fresh water systems 6. Sea water systems 7. Waste water (Grey and Black) system 8. Refrigeration and air conditioning system 9. Pneumatic (Compressed air) system 10. Hydraulic systems 11
- 12. Introduction to Marine Engineering-II Marine engineering –II is the culminating subject for a marine engineer. It is a very close application of previously taught following subjects: 1. Basic Naval Arch and Marine Engg 2. Thermodynamics 3. Marine Engines and Fuel. 4. Fluid Mechanics 5. Applied Hydrodynamics 6. Structure of Matters 7. Marine Engineering-I 12
- 14. Engineering Hand Tools “spanner” (in British English) “wrench” (in American English) 14 Open-ended spanners : two ends are of corresponding two sizes
- 15. 15
- 16. 16 Ring spanners Ring spanners or box-end wrenches are recommended to be used when a better grip is needed and when the spanner swing is restricted Two ends are of corresponding two sizes
- 18. Combination Spanners This type comes with an open end from one side and a ring end from the other side . Usually both ends are having the same size 18
- 19. 19 Adjustable Spanners Adjustable spanners are spanners that have a moving jaw to fit different bolt/nut sizes. These are often used where the exact size wrench is not available or when a large nut, such as a wheel spindle nut, needs to be rotated but not tightened. Adjustable wrenches are sized by the overall length of the wrench and not by how far the jaws open.
- 20. Allen Keys Allen keys sometimes referred as Allen wrenches Allen keys are used on grub screws and socket head cap screws The size of Allen keys is almost like spanners measured across flats 20 Allen Keys Grub screw Socket head cap screw
- 21. 21 Screwdrivers Screwdrivers are made in different lengths and designs, the two most common are: Flathead/slotted Crosshead/Phillips
- 22. 22 Screwdrivers The flathead is identified by its length and in some cases by the blade width The crosshead screwdriver is identified by its point size
- 23. 23 Pliers Pliers are used to hold objects firmly, or for cutting and bending tough materials such as wires. There are different types of pliers that can deal with different types of jobs: • Flat nose pliers • Long nose pliers • Combination pliers • Circlip pliers
- 24. 24 Long nose pliers Long nose pliers are both cutting and gripping pliers used by electricians and other tradesmen to bend, re-position and cut wire.
- 25. 25 Combination Pliers These pliers incorporate side cutters, joint cutters and pipe grip
- 26. 26 Circlip pliers Circlips are retaining devices They are fitted inside a groove on bores and shafts The internal circlip has to be squeezed and external one to be expanded for placing or removal
- 27. 27 Circlip Pliers The external circlip which is fitted onto a shaft has to be opened out to be removed The nose of the circlip plier is either straight or bent depending on the type of job.
- 28. 28 Pipe Wrench A pipe wrench is designed to tighten its grip on the part being rotated It has serrated jaws that leave marks on the part and so it might damage the surface of the part Accordingly, pipe wrenches must not be used to loosen a nut, unless the nut is to be replaced
- 29. 29 Hammers
- 31. 31 Drills Snips
- 35. 35 1
- 37. 37 Dial Indicator A dial indicator is normally used to measure the amount of runout, or bend in a shaft
- 43. 43 Metals: Metals are composed of one or more metallic elements (e.g., iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, gold, nickel), and often also nonmetallic elements (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) in relatively small amounts. Atoms in metals and their alloys are arranged in a very orderly manner and are of relatively higher dense. With regard to mechanical characteristics, these materials are relatively stiff , strong , ductile and are resistant to fracture, which accounts for their widespread use in structural and marine applications Marine Engineering Materials
- 44. 44 Marine Engineering Materials Ceramics : Ceramics are compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements; they are most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides. For example, common ceramic materials include aluminum oxide (or alumina, Al2O3), silicon dioxide (or silica, SiO2), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and, in addition, what some refer to as the traditional ceramics—those composed of clay minerals (e.g., porcelain), as well as cement and glass. With regard to mechanical behavior, ceramic materials are relatively stiff and strong. In addition, they are typically very hard. Historically, ceramics have exhibited extreme brittleness (lack of ductility) and are highly susceptible to fracture. However, newer ceramics are being engineered to have improved resistance to fracture; these materials are used for cookware, cutlery, and even automobile engine parts. Furthermore, ceramic materials are typically insulative to heat and electricity. Ceramics have more use in civil and
- 45. 45 Polymers Polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber materials. Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements (i.e., O, N, and Si). Furthermore, they have very large molecular structures, often chainlike in nature, that often have a backbone of carbon atoms. Some common and familiar polymers are polyethylene (PE), nylon, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), and silicone rubber. These materials typically have low densities, whereas their mechanical characteristics are generally dissimilar to those of the metallic and ceramic materials—they are not as stiff or strong as these other material types. However, on the basis of their low densities, many times their stiffnesses and strengths on a per-mass basis are comparable to those of the metals and ceramics. In addition, many of the polymers are extremely ductile and pliable (i.e., plastic), which means they are easily formed into complex shapes. In general, they are relatively inert chemically and unreactive in a large number of environments. One major drawback to the polymers is their tendency to soften and/or decompose at modest temperatures, which, in some instances, limits their use. Furthermore, they have low electrical conductivities and are nonmagnetic. Polymers have wide range of industrial and marine uses.
- 46. 46 Composites A composite is composed of two (or more) individual materials that come from the categories previously discussed—metals, ceramics, and polymers. The design goal of a composite is to achieve a combination of properties that is not displayed by any single material and also to incorporate the best characteristics of each of the component materials. A large number of composite types are represented by different combinations of metals, ceramics, and polymers. Furthermore, some naturally occurring materials are composites—for example, wood and bone. However, most of those we consider in our discussions are synthetic (or human- made) composites.
- 47. Composites One of the most common and familiar composites is fiberglass, in which small glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material (normally an epoxy or polyester). The glass fibers are relatively strong and stiff (but also brittle), whereas the polymer is more flexible. Thus, fiberglass is relatively stiff, strong and flexible. In addition, it has a low density. Another technologically important material is the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite—carbon fibers that are embedded within a polymer. These materials are stiffer and stronger than glass fiber–reinforced materials but more expensive. CFRP composites are used in some aircraft and high speed vessels. 47
- 48. 48 Smart Materials Smart materials are reactive materials. Their properties can be changed by exposure to stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields, stress, moisture and temperature. Smart colours are pigments which can be incorporated into paints, dyes, inks and plastics. They are of two types: - thermochromic pigments react to changes in temperature - photochromic pigments react to changes in light levels
- 49. 49 Smart materials Shape memory alloy (SMA) acts on thermal and mechanical stress through phase transformation Piezoelectric materials act on voltage generation under stress. Electro-rheostatic (ER) and magneto-rheostatic (MR) materials are fluids, which can experience a dramatic change in their viscosity