5 the fundamental unit of life
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This document discusses several organelles that are fundamental units of life. It describes mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell, noting its double membrane structure and role in generating ATP. Plastids are described as being present only in plants, and can be chromoplasts or leucoplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are important for photosynthesis, while leucoplasts store starches, oils, and proteins. Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that store solids and liquids in plant cells. The document also briefly mentions cell division occurring through mitosis in somatic cells and meiosis in germ cells.
5 the fundamental unit of life
- 1. THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE PART -5 BY : MISS RITIMA
- 2. MITOCHONDRIA MITOCHONDRIA IS ALSO KNOWN AS POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL. IT IS DOUBLE MEMBRANE STUCTURE ITS OUTER MEMBRANE IS POROUS WHILE INNER MEMBRANE IS DEEPLY FOLDED , THESE FOLDS INCREASE SURFACE AREA FOR ATP GENERATION. THE ENERGY REQUIRED FOR THE VARIOUS CHEMICAL ACTIVITIES NEEDED FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES OF LIFE ARE RELEASED BY MITOCHONDRIA IN THE FORM OF ATP.
- 3. ----------------------------------------- ABOUT ATP ATP STANDS FOR ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. IT IS KNOWN AS ENERGY CURRENCY OF THE CELL. ----------------------------------------------------- MITOCHONDRIA IS A ORGANELLE WHICH HAS ITS OWN DNA AND RIBOSOMES.
- 5. PLASTIDS PLASTIDS ARE PRESENT ONLY IN PLANTS. THEY ARE OF TWO TYPES A. CHROMOPLAST B. LEUCOPLAST THE CHROMOPLASTS ARE COLOURED PLASTIDS WHERE AS LEUCOPLASTS ARE COLOURLESS PLASTIDS .
- 6. . THE CHROMOPLAST THAT CONTAIN PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL AS PIGMENT ARE CALLED CHLOROPLASTS. THE CHLOROPLASTS PLAYS IMPORTANT ROLE IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. LEUCOPLASTS STORE STARCH ,OILS AND PROTEIN GRANULES. PLASTIDS HAVE THEIR OWN DNA ANS RIBOSOMES.
- 7. VACUOLE VACUOLES ARE SACS FOR SOLID AND LIQUID CONTENT. VACUOLES ARE SMALL SIZED IN ANIMAL CELL AND LARGE SIZED IN PLANT CELL. IN PLANT CELL VACUOLE IS FULL OF CELL SAP AND PROVIDE TURGIDITY AND RIGIDITY TO THE CELL. VACUOLES STORE AMINO ACIDS , SUGARS , VARIOUS ORGANIC ACIDS AND SOME PROTEINS.
- 8. CELL DIVISION THE PROCESS BY WHICH NEW CELLS ARE FORMED IS CALLED CELL DIVISION. THE CELL DIVISION OCCURS BY TWO PRFOCESSES : a. MITOSIS b. MEIOSIS c. MITOSIS ( EQUATIONAL DIVISION) OCCURS IN SOMATIC CELLS WHEREAS MEIOSIS ( REDUCTIONAL DIVISION) OCCURS IN GERM CELLS .