7 DISS Psychoanalysis.pptxjbhkhoihlhouhoiuho
- 4. PSYCHOANALYSIS Is a therapy as well as a theory. It is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Emphasizes unconscious motivation in which the main cause of behavior lies in unconscious mind
- 5. Sigmund Freud Founder of Psychoanalysis and he proposed the complete theory of personality. Believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations.
- 6. BASIC CONCEPTS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 1. View of Human Nature •Deterministic- life is about gaining pleasure and avoiding pain •Energy System- Freud believe that humans are motivated by the unconscious,where the Id is found along with the aggression and sex instinct.
- 7. 2. Instincts • Life Instincts – also called “Eros”, maintain the survival of the individual and humankind. -identified with libido (sexual energy) • Death Instincts – also called “Thanatos” or aggressive drives -manifest themselves in one’s unconscious wish to die or to hurt oneself or others
- 8. 3. Theory of Personality A. Functional or Dynamic- Freud argued that our personality should be in state of dynamic equilibrium. Freud argued that the human mind and personality are made up of three parts: Id- a biological component or instinctual drives present at birth. Operates according to the pleasure principle Ego- a psychological component, the part of the personality that is aware of reality and considers the consequences of an action. Operates on reality principle. Superego- a social component, it contains our social conscience and experience guilt and anxiety when we do something wrong. Operates in moral principles
- 9. B. Structural or Topographical According to Freud, there are three levels of consciousness: Conscious- all things we are aware of at any given moment Preconscious- facts stored in our brain which are not conscious but are available for possible use in the future Unconscious- contains all the feeling, urges or instinct that are beyond our awareness, but it affect our expression, feeling and action.
- 10. 4. Anxiety- a state of tension that motivates an individual to do something. It arises out ofa conflict among the id, ego and superego. Three kinds of Anxiety •Reality Anxiety- fear of danger from the external world, real, objective sources of danger in the environment •Neurotic Anxiety-fear that the id impulses will overwhelm the ego and cause the person to do something that will be punished •Moral Anxiety- fear of one’s own conscience
- 11. 5. Defense Mechanism- or Ego Defense Mechanism are invented by the ego as an attempt to resolve the conflict between id and superego. -it denies or distort reality while operating in unconscious level
- 12. Major Ego Defense Mechanism • Projection- an individual puts the blame of his own failure upon others and some unfavorable factors of his environment. • Sublimation- unacceptable desire are redirected into socially accepted channels. • Repression- pushes threatening thoughts back into the unconscious which is common with victims of sexual abuse. • Rationalization- an individual tried to justify his failure by giving some excuses • Compensation- an attempt to cover one’s deficiency in
- 13. • Displacement- an individual does something as a substitute for something else. • Withdrawal- some persons withdraw themselves from the circumstances that cause tension, frustration or pain. • Day Dreaming- a defense mechanism which sometimes help in making adjustment • Denial- simplest form of self-defense • Reaction Formation- thinking or behaving in a way that is the extreme opposite to those that are of real intention • Introjection- taking in and accepting uncritically the values and standards of others
- 14. 6. Psychosexual Stages of Development •Psychosexual Development- Freud thought that our adult personality is determined by the way we resolved conflicts between these early sources of pleasure- the mouth, anus, genitals and the demands of reality •Fixation- psychoanalytic defense mechanism that occurs when the individual remains locked in an earlier developmental stage because needs are under or over gratified.
- 15. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development • Oral stage (0-1 yr. old)- pleasure comes from chewing, biting, and sucking • weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly • Anal stage (1-3 yrs. old)- stage where toilet training starts • child’s greatest pleasure involves the anus, or the eliminative functions associated with it • Phallic stage (3-6 yrs. old)- the word “phallic” comes from the Latin word “phallus”, which means penis. • pleasure focuses on the genitals as the child discovers
- 16. In Freud’s view, the phallic stage has a special importance in personality development because this period triggers the Oedipus Complex. • Oedipus Complex- the boy will have a desire to possess his mother and displaced his father • Electra Complex- girls will want to possess the father and remove her mother • Latency stage (6 yrs. Until puberty)- stage when the child socializes and turn its attention outward and forms relationship with others -also called as the Sleeping Period because the sexual feelings are dormant • Genital stage (puberty onwards)- it is the time of sexual reawakening, but the source of sexual pleasure now becomes