US History Ch. 8 Section 1 Notes
- 1. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Objectives • Identify the causes of Progressivism and compare it to Populism. • Analyze the role that journalists played in the Progressive Movement. • Evaluate some of the social reforms that Progressives tackled. • Explain what Progressives hoped to achieve through political reforms. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 2. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Terms and People • Progressivism – movement that believed honest and efficient government could bring about social justice • muckrakers – socially conscious journalists and writers who dramatized the need for reform • Lincoln Steffens – muckraking author of Shame of the Cities, exposed corruption in urban government • Jacob Riis – muckraking photographer and author of How The Other Half Lives, exposed the condition of the urban poor The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 3. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Terms and People (continued) • Social Gospel – belief that following Christian principles could bring about social justice • settlement house – community center that provided services for the urban poor • Jane Addams – leader in the settlement house movement • direct primary – allowed voters to select candidates rather than having them selected by party leaders The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 4. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Terms and People (continued) • initiative – gave citizens the power to propose laws • referendum – allowed citizens to reject or accept laws passed by their legislature • recall – gave voters the power to remove legislators before their term is up The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 5. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 What areas did Progressives think were in need of the greatest reform? 1. Progressivism was a movement that believed the social challenges caused by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration in the 1890s and 1900s could be addressed. Progressives believed that honest and efficient government could bring about social justice. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 6. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Progressives were reformers who: • believed industrialization and urbanization had created social and political problems. • were mainly from the emerging middle class. • wanted to reform by using logic and reason. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 7. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Progressives believed honest and efficient government could bring about social justice. They wanted to end corruption. They tried to make government more responsive to people’s needs. They believed that educated leaders should use modern ideas and scientific techniques to improve society. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 8. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 2. Progressives targeted a variety of issues and problems. • corrupt political machines • trusts and monopolies • inequities • safety • city services • women’s suffrage The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 9. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Muckrakers used investigative reporting to uncover and dramatize societal ills. Lincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities John Spargo The Bitter Cry of the Children Ida Tarbell The History of Standard Oil The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 10. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Jacob Riis exposed the deplorable conditions poor people were forced to live under in How the Other Half Lives. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 11. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 The naturalist novel portrayed the struggle of common people. Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, provided a shocking look at meatpacking in Chicago’s stockyards. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 12. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Progressive novelists covered a wide range of topics. • Theodore Dreiser’s, Sister Carrie, discussed factory conditions for working women. • Francis Ellen Watkins’s, Iola Leroy, focused on racial issues. • Frank Norris’s, The Octopus, centered on the tensions between farmers and the railroads. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 13. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Jane Addams led the settlement house movement. Her urban community centers provided social services for immigrants and the poor. Christian reformers’ Social Gospel demanded a shorter work day and the end of child labor. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 14. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 3. Progressives succeeded in reducing child labor and improving school enrollment. The United States Children’s Bureau was created in 1912. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 15. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 In the 1900s, the U.S. had the world’s worst rate of industrial accidents. In 1911, 156 workers died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Many young women jumped to their deaths or burned. Worker safety was an important issue for Progressives. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 16. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 To reform society, Progressives realized they must also reform government. • Government could not be controlled by political bosses and business interests. • Government needed to be more efficient and more accountable to the people. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 17. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Cities and states experimented with new methods of governing. In Wisconsin, Governor Robert M. La Follette and other Progressives reformed state government to restore political control to the people. • direct primaries • initiatives • referendums • recalls The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 18. 125 Section Chapter Section 1 Progressive governors achieved state-level reforms of the railroads and taxes. 5. Two Progressive Governors, Theodore Roosevelt of New York and Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey, would become Progressive Presidents. On the national level, in 1913, Progressives helped pass the 17th Amendment, providing for the direct election of United States Senators. The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins
- 19. Chapter Section 25 1 Section 1 Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz The Cold War Drive for Reform The Begins