A Presentation on Crime and its classification
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Crime originally referred to an intellectual mistake or offense against a community in ancient Greek and Latin, rather than a private wrong. In 13th century English, crime meant sinfulness. Later definitions specified crime as any felony, coining offenses, fraud, or certain misdemeanors. The document then discusses different types of crimes like victimless crimes, professional crimes, organized crime, white-collar crime, and transnational crimes.
A Presentation on Crime and its classification
- 2. What is CRIME? The word crime is derived from the Latin root cerno, meaning "I decide, I give judgment". Originally the Latin word crimen meant charge or cry of distress. The Ancient Greek word krima, from which the Latin cognate derives, typically referred to an intellectual mistake or an offense against the community, rather than a private or moral wrong. In 13th century English crime meant "sinfulness", according to Online Etimology Dictionary. It was probably brought to England as Old French crimne (12th century form of Modern French crime), from Latin crimen (in the genitive case: criminis). In Latin, crimen could have signified any one of the following: charge, indictment, accusation, crime, fault, offense.
- 3. •The following definition of "crime" was provided by the Prevention of Crimes Act 1871: The expression "crime" means, in England and Ireland, any felony or the offence of uttering false or counterfeit coin, or of possessing counterfeit gold or silver coin, or the offence of obtaining goods or money by false pretences, or the offence of conspiracy to defraud, or any misdemeanour under the fifty-eighth section of the LarcenyAct, 1861. •According to Trade Union and Labur Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992: A crime means an offence punishable on indictment, or an offence punishable on summary conviction, and for the commission of which the offender is liable under the statute making the offence punishable to be imprisoned either absolutely or at the discretion of the court as an alternative for some other punishment.
- 4. 1.Victimless Crime: According to the University of Chicago's vice scholar, Jim Leitzel: Three characteristics can be used to identify whether a crime is victimless crime - if the act is excessive, is indicative of a distinct pattern of behavior, and its adverse effects impact only the person who has engaged in it. 2.Professional Crime: According to Edwin Sutherland: They devote their entire working time to planning and executing crimes and sometimes travel across the nation to persue their “professional duties”.
- 5. 3. Organized Crime: A criminal organization or gang can also be referred to as a mafia, mob, or crime syndicate. Some of the famous and dangerous organized criminal group are – The Russian Mafia, The Chinese Mafia, Hong Kong Triads and The JapaneseYakuza.
- 6. 4. White-Collar Crime: According to Edwin Sutherland: "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation is classified as white-collar crime."
- 7. 5. Transnational Crime: According to the definition by Boister, Neil: Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international community.