A Presentation on the Learning Action Cell

JOEY F. VALDRIZ
Student
EdM 215
Current Trends and Issues in Education
DepEd Order No. 35
Series 2016
DR. ALICIA F. APRECIO
Instructor

The Learning Action Cell as a
K to 12 Basic Education Program
School-based Continuing Professional
Development Strategy for the
Improvement of Teaching and Learning
DepEd Order No. 35
Series 2016

UNDERSTANDING
THE LEARNING ACTION CELL
• The institutionalization of teacher professional learning communities
(PLCs) in schools has been significantly considered as a contributing factor
towards individual teachers’ professional development (Goldman and Popp,
2016).
• PLC is a community of teachers and administrators in a school whose
goal is to enhance their teaching practice to improve students’ learning
by continuously sharing their practices and learning with each other
(Hord, 1997 in Stoll, Bolam, McMahon, Wallace, and Thomas, 2006).
• Through PLCs, individual professional growth of teachers is achieved, which
then contributes to the overall school improvement (Brilman, 1995 as cited
in Filion, Koffi and Ekionea, 2015).

• In schools, PLCs are innovation to improve teachers’ mastery of the content
subjects and instructional practices (DuFour and DuFour, 2012, p.3).
• PLCs can potentially impact students’ achievement in a “powerful and
positive way” (DuFour and DuFour, 2012, p.3).
• In many countries, established professional learning communities have been
identified as a potent strategy for school change and improvement (White,
2012).

• In the Philippines, the establishment of teacher PLCs is legalized and
standardized through the Department of Education Order No. 35, s. 2016
entitled “The Learning Action Cell as a K to 12 Basic Education
Program School-Based Continuing Professional Development Strategy
for the Improvement of Teaching and Learning”.
• Under this order, the Department emphasizes its support to the continuing
professional development activities through the school-based Learning
Action Cell (LAC) to help teachers improve their teaching and learning
practices (Department of Education, 2016).

• The Learning Action Cells (LACs) is DepEd’s
primary mechanism for the professional development
of teachers.
• LAC defined as “a group of teachers who engage in
collaborative learning sessions to solve shared
challenges encountered in the school facilitated by
the school head or a designated LAC leader”
(DepEd Order 26, 2016).
• Essentially, LACs are purposeful, school-based, and
cost-efficient professional development activities
which aim to continuously improve teachers’
pedagogical skills, instructional strategies, and
assessment practices, which in turn, will result in
students’ improved academic achievement.

• The process of LACs is anchored in the framework. The community of
practice, which in this case is LACs, is a mechanism for teachers to
collaborate, plan, solve, problems, and implement action, which in turn
improve teachers’ pedagogical skills, instructional practices, and
assessment practices, which ultimately results in enhanced student
learning.

8
• LACs was introduced in the Philippines as a
professional development activity implemented from
the school level to the regional level by the Ministry of
Education (now Department of Education) in 1985.
• The early application of school-level LACs principles
was supported by the Program for Decentralized
Education Development (PRODED), the Third
Elementary Education Project (TEEP), and Secondary
Education Development and Improvement Project
(SEDIP) (UNESCO ISO 2006).
• Over the years, with innovations embarked by DepEd
and other non-government agencies supporting DepEd
schools, LACs has evolved into a more structured and
relevant professional development activity.

9
• In 2015, DepEd released a policy in support of LACs
in the early grades. Department of Education
Order 12 series 2015 entitled “Guidelines on the
Early Language, Literacy, and Numeracy (ELLN)
Program: Professional Development
Component” is a policy of school-based Learning
Action Cells and mentoring to support the
implementation of a literacy and numeracy program
from Kinder to Grade 3 teachers.

• The direction of teachers’ professional
development program is outlined in
Department of Education Order 42 series
2017 entitled “National Adoption and
Implementation of the Philippine
Professional Standards for Teachers”.
• Teachers’ personal and professional
development needs are determined through
the Philippine Professional Standards for
Teachers (PPST), which is a compendium
of competencies that constitute teacher
quality in the context of the K to 12 reform.

• LACs serves as a venue to deliver professional
development programs of DepEd for teachers to help
attain higher career stage along the PPST.
• Alongside the issuance of this policy is DepEd’s
initiative to qualify teachers’ participation in LACs as
points to earn Continuing Professional Development
(CPD) units.
• This means that by attending and facilitating LACs,
teachers can earn CPD units which they can use to
meet the requirements of Professional Regulation
Commission (PRC) for the renewal of teacher’s
license as stipulated in Republic Act No. 10912,
otherwise known as the Continuing Professional
Development (CDP) Act of 2016.

• The policies enable teachers’ motivation
and participation in LAC, but as caveat,
teachers’ active involvement in LAC should
not just be attributed as compliance to a
mandate but it is part of their self-
commitment in continually improving
oneself and in contributing to the
improvement of peers professionally to in
turn contribute to the achievement of
DepEd’s vision, mission, and goals.

The following are the objectives of the Policy:
1.to improve the teaching-learning process that will
lead to improved learning among the students;
2.to nurture successful teachers;
3.to enable teachers to support each other to
continuously improve their content and
pedagogical knowledge, practice, skills, and
attitudes; and
4.to foster a professional collaborative spirit among
school heads, teachers, and the community as a
whole.

14
LACs are the most cost-effective CPD process but may
entail some expenses for meetings and handouts.
Funds for the LACs may be sourced from the school’s
Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE),
subject to its utilization guidelines.
Other resources may be generated by the school or
schools divisions to support LACs as these endeavor to
upgrade the quality of teaching and learning in their
respective schools.

TOPICS FOR LEARNING ACTION CELL
1. Learner Diversity and Student Inclusion
• Including learner diversity and student inclusion in the LAC sessions
emphasizes that learners are the reason for all education processes. It is the
central role of teachers to establish learning environments that are
responsive to learner diversity. It underscores the importance of teachers'
knowledge and understanding of, and respect for learners'
characteristics and experiences.
• Teachers who celebrate diversity in their classrooms adjust and
differentiate their instruction to include all learners and to foster harmony
in their class. Learner inclusion requires that teachers provide remedial
instruction for those who are experiencing difficulties in learning lessons.

2. Content and Pedagogy of the K to 12 Basic Education Program
• Content and performance standards and learning competencies must be
mastered by teachers so that they can plan lessons, deliver instruction
effectively, and assess the learning that resulted from their teaching.
• Teachers can collaboratively plan weekly lessons during the LAC and
these can be implemented for the specified period of time, after which,
teachers can share their experiences to improve subsequent lessons.

3. Assessment and Reporting in the K to 12 Basic Education Program
• Every teacher should understand how to implement the learner-centered
assessment policies for the K to 12 Curriculum. Discussions about lessons
should necessarily include ways in assessing the learning of students and
how data from formative assessment can improve subsequent lessons.
• Assessment provides teachers and learners with the necessary feedback
about learning outcomes. This feedback informs the reporting cycle and
enables teachers to continually select, organize, and use sound assessment
processes.

4. 21st Century Skills and ICT Integration in Instruction and
Assessment
• Bringing 21st-century skills into the teaching and learning situation is a
central feature of the K to 12 Basic Education Program. Teachers must
enrich lessons with simple integration strategies utilizing Information and
Communications Technology (ICT) that are developmentally appropriate.
Instruction and assessment processes can be made more collaborative with
ICT, which teachers can implement with the tools and equipment
available in their schools.

5. Curriculum Contextualization, Localization, and Indigenization
• Curriculum contextualization is the process of matching the curriculum
content and instructional strategies relevant to learners. Teachers identify
and respond to opportunities to link teaching and learning in the
classroom to the experiences, interests, and aspirations of the wider school
community and other key stakeholders.
• By linking new content to the local experiences that are familiar to
students, learning will be more efficient for and relevant to them. The
localization of curriculum is an essential feature of the K to 12
Curriculum.
• Deepening curriculum contextualization through indigenization is
essential for communities that have cultural practices that are different
from the majority of people in the same locality.

20
• Teachers should also find time to discuss how their
community linkages can support the curriculum
and how the LAC sessions promote their own
professional growth.
• Emerging and urgent issues or concerns affecting
teaching and learning must be discussed during
LAC sessions. These may include school data such
as school participation, attendance, completion, and
assessment, child-finding activities, programs to be
offered so as to include more learners in schools,
results-based practices, and technologies, and school
successes.
• LAC sessions also cover DepEd thrusts and policies
relevant to the above-mentioned priority needs.

1. Before the LAC Session
a. Assessment of Needs
Needs are identified with reference to the professional
teacher standards set for one’s career stage. These needs
could be captured through different forms like self-
assessment tools, classroom observation results, critical
reflections, surveys, research-based teacher development
needs, students’ assessment results, and other forms.
IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

b. Prioritization of Topics or Agenda
From the needs that have been identified as focus of
LAC, members could agree on which of them should
be prioritized for their sessions. The basis for
prioritization could be in terms of urgency of need,
time needed in addressing the need, interest or in
whatever way agreed upon by the members of the
group. These priority needs or topics could integrate
the areas mentioned above.

c. Formation of LAC
Every teacher must be part of a LAC. LACs could be
formed based on the prioritized need(s) and depending
on the number of teachers in every school or cluster of
schools. One LAC could be composed of five (5) to 15
members. A school may organize as many LACs as
may be deemed necessary depending on the identified
needs of the school. In all schools, teachers may
convene in groups that are strategically decided.

Each LAC should have a leader, a facilitator, a
documenter, and members. External resource
persons may be invited when necessary though the
preference is for the LAC resource persons to be from
among the LAC members.

Terms of Reference (ToR) of LAC Participants
• LAC Leader is the Principal or School Head. Being the de facto leader of
the LAC or all the LACs in the school, the following are his/her roles:
1. Oversees the implementation of the LAC(s);
2. Leads in the development of a LAC Plan and integrates such in the SIP or
AIP;
3. Organizes LAC groupings at the beginning of each school year and ensures
that each LAC has an assigned facilitator, preferably a Master Teacher or
senior teacher or senior member of the faculty;
4. Mobilizes resources for the conduct of LACs;

• LAC Leader
5. Provides feedback and submits LAC Progress Reports to District and
Schools Division Office;
6. Adapts and shares LAC best practices from other schools, thereby
developing a culture of collaboration and continuous improvement;
7. Ensures the monitoring of LAC sessions and related activities and
evaluating their impact on teacher professional development, quality
teaching, and pupil achievement;
8. Agrees with LAC Members on how to observe or monitor application of
learning;

• LAC Leader
9. Provides feedback to the teachers;
10.Gathers evidences of implementation or application of learning;
11.Meets with facilitator to decide on next LAC topic and to prepare or plan
for the next session; and
12.Monitors the LAC implementation vis-à-vis the school LAC plan.

• LAC Facilitator could be the Principal or School Head, a Master Teacher or
a senior teacher or senior member of the faculty. This role could be assigned
on a rotation basis.
1. Convenes the LAC team meetings;
2. Provides technical assistance in the development of the LAC Plan, timetable
of team meetings, and other activities;
3. Checks and monitors attendance of members and submission of materials
and sees to it that team meetings start and end on time, and that agenda for
the meeting are covered;
4. Encourages active engagement and participation of members;

• LAC Facilitator
5. Serves as resource person on specific topics;
6. Assigns a documenter on rotation basis;
7. Invites external resource persons when necessary;
8. Reports regularly to LAC leader on LAC progress;
9. Prepares his/her session plan that identifies the topic, objectives, materials
needed, and outline of activities (at the very least) and where necessary,
consults the LAC Leader and members;

• LAC Facilitator
10. Ensures that the venue and equipment are available and prepares the
necessary learning materials such as reading materials, videos,
presentations, etc., when needed;
11. Announces the LAC session including topic, time, venue, and other
matters that the group should know; and
12. Runs and facilitates the session based on the plan and ensures that the
agreed norms of behavior are observed and that the objectives of the session
are achieved.

• LAC Members are the teachers who share common concerns such as grade
level assignments or learning area assignments or key stage assignments.
LACs must be organized well so that teachers are a member of at least one
LAC. However, teachers may opt to join other LACs.
1. Attends LAC meetings regularly and participates actively in LAC sessions;
2. Serves as LAC facilitator or documenter or resource person for certain
topics when assigned such roles;
3. Develops plans to apply what has been learned and implements agreed
action plan in one’s classroom;
4. Monitors one’s progress in relation to the LAC Plan;

• LAC Members
5. Prepares and submits documents or materials as needed and brings
materials relevant to the topic;
6. Observes agreed norms of behavior;
7. Captures evidences of implementation;
8. Reflects on the implementation;
9. Shares with colleagues in informal settings;
10. Prepares to share in each LAC session;
11. Allows LAC leader to observe how the learning was applied; and
12. Provides the LAC leader with evidences of application of learning.

• LAC Documenter is a member of the LAC who has been assigned to
record the minutes of the team meetings. This role may be rotated (i.e.,
monthly or for every unit of lesson).
1. Documents LAC proceedings following the template agreed upon;
2. Keeps records of attendance and output of members;
3. Helps the LAC Leader and Facilitator in writing the progress reports to be
submitted to the District, Schools Division, Regional, and Central Office;
4. Devices innovative and efficient ways to document and synthesizes the
agreements during the LAC sessions;

• LAC Documenter
5. Provides the information on the progress of the LAC and the insights of
the teachers about student learning;
6. Takes down minutes and captures the processes in the LAC; and
7. Gathers evidences of implementation (e.g., individual plans, etc.).

• LAC Resource Person can be a member of the LAC or someone external
invited to talk and lead the session on a specific topic.
1. Shares current trends and best practices on certain aspects of curriculum,
pedagogy, and assessment;
2. Facilitates the activities during the session, which may include workshops
and demonstrations;
3. Mentors or coaches teachers on content and pedagogies for a particular
lesson unit;
4. Coordinates with the LAC Facilitator on materials and equipment to be
used during the session; and
5. Helps the LAC plan subsequent action based on the session.

d. Identification of Appropriate Intervention.
The LAC could agree on exploring interventions to
address the identified need. Interventions could be in
the form of learning materials, instructional materials,
equipment, facilities, strategies in teaching, modality in
teaching, program, etc.

e. Scheduling of Meeting s
One to two hours a week is strongly recommended but
the diversity of teaching conditions may not always
allow this. LAC sessions, however, should be conducted
at least once a month. Interactions may also be done
through ICT when it is difficult to have face-to- face
sessions, particularly when involving clustered schools.
LAC sessions instead of administrative meetings, which
should be scheduled separately from LAC sessions.

f. Setting Up of Resources
Resources could be human or material that should be
prepared or set up before the implementation of the
sessions. The human resources could be individuals
who are tapped as resource persons of the LAC
sessions. Material resources could be the supplies,
worksheets, videos, equipment, budget, food, venues,
and other things needed in the conduct of a LAC
session.

g. Assignment of Work
The LAC members could be given specific roles to
perform during LAC sessions. These roles could be
rotated among the members of the group.

h. LAC Implementation Norms
Norms are the framework from which team members
commit to conduct business. Developing norms and
adhering to them ensure the success of the group and
facilitate the members’ ability to deal with critical
issues. Norms have several components that clarify
team dynamics. There are some elements to address.

These are some elements to address:
Time and Venue:
Where and when will we meet?
Will we start on time?
Listening:
How will we listen to our peers?
How will we discourage interruptions
when someone is speaking?
Confidentiality:
What content is to be held in confidence? What
can be shared after the meeting?
Decision Making:
How will we arrive at a decision?
What if everyone doesn’t agree with the group
decision?
Participation:
Is participation optional? Will we have an
attendance policy? What will we do if a member
constantly misses meetings?
Expectations:
What do we expect from team members? Do we
need a method for ensuring each member comes
to the meeting prepared with appropriate data or
other assignments?

i. Preparing Line-item Budg et
The budget shall come from the school’s respective
MOOE and other external grants, provided that only
expenses allowed under the school MOOE may be
included, subject to existing accounting rules and
regulations.

j. Writing of LAC Plan
For a guided implementation of LAC plans, they
should be written and documented following the
template. Schools are allowed to modify the template
based on their needs. This plan should be integrated or
linked with the School Improvement Plan (SIP) or
Annual Implementation Plan (AIP).

2. During the LAC Session
The priorities set out in the LAC Plan are implemented
through a variety of activities, which can include
stimulus (e.g. lectures, practicum, orientation, coaching,
workshops, development and utilization of
instructional materials, etc.) followed by collaborative
discussion of possible ways forward. The final activity
of the session will involve individual and group action
planning in order to implement agreed activities in the
classroom.

3. After the LAC Session
LAC members are expected to implement the proposed
strategies or activities in their classroom or school or
community as appropriate and evaluate their success.
LAC members should be prepared to report back on
the success of these activities in future LAC sessions.
LAC facilitators and LAC leaders should monitor these
activities and evaluate how far they are contributing to
improved outcomes for learners at school. School
heads or principals should support the LACs by doing
class observations and encourage teachers to
continually improve instruction so that student
learning will also improve.

Roles and Responsibilities of Various DepEd Offices
School Level
At the school level, the School Head should lead in
organizing the LAC and in ensuring that the practice of
holding regular LAC sessions is established, maintained,
and sustained. The School Head should also take the lead
in monitoring school LAC activities and in evaluating
their impact on the total school improvement. Likewise,
active participation of teachers and involvement in
various LAC activities should be captured as an objective
in the Individual Performance and Commitment Review
Form (IPCRF).

School Level
It is expected that school heads or principals will be vital
in facilitating and implementing effective LACs within
their schools. This function will be included in the
performance evaluation of school heads. They will create
safe spaces where teachers can engage in dialogue with
each other so they may learn from and provide support
to one another.
Providing administrative support and academic leadership to the LACs
will strengthen the schools’ development of professional learning
communities that value their communities of practice in favor of student
learning and holistic development.

Schools Division Level
Through and with the District Supervisor, the Schools
Division Office (SDO) Curriculum Implementation
Division (CID) should support the schools in establishing,
maintaining, and sustaining their LAC practice. It should
provide technical assistance (TA) as may be required. The
SDO shall lead in identifying practices that are potentially
replicable as well as in highlighting accomplishments and
setting up reward systems.
SDO personnel are expected to provide technical assistance to schools and
conduct systematic monitoring so that good teaching happens in all
classrooms throughout the country.

Schools Division Level
The SDO should also find ways to encourage the schools
to conduct action research about pedagogies and
assessment methods that successfully support student
learning and holistic development.
The SDO is also expected to ensure that there are LAC
plans across all the learning areas and key stages as this is
consistent with the DepEd’s mandate to ensure good
quality teaching for all subjects and all students.

Reg ional Office
The Regional Offices (ROs) through the Curriculum and
Learning Management Division (CLMD) should provide
more explicit guidance to SDOs and schools regarding the
conduct of LACs. It should provide TA to the SDO that
enables them to support the schools in their LAC practice.
It should also be able to scale up practices that are found
effective and conduct research for this purpose. The RO
shall also conduct a regional event to highlight and
reward LAC accomplishments.

Reg ional Office
The ROs should monitor school data over time and see if
the LAC sessions are effectively improving teaching and
learning processes.

Central Office
The Central Office (CO) shall review the policy and its
implementation in light of the feedback gathered from
the field. The CO through the Office of the
Undersecretary for Curriculum and Instruction shall
coordinate efforts at the central and field offices to ensure
that the support systems and mechanism to sustain LAC
practice are established and responsive such as putting in
place a rewards system and allocating funds for the
program.

54
Progress Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
1. Monitoring and feedback should be ongoing
throughout the LAC planning and implementation
phases. This will include a variety of forms including
both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
This policy notes that:
a. Schools or school clusters will need to be given time
to establish effective LACs.
b. The process of professional learning and subsequent
developments in teachers’ quality will vary from
school to school and cannot be easily quantified.

55
c. The key indicators for the effectiveness of the LAC is
that there are clear evidences of:
c.1 critical reflection amongst teachers leading to
changes in classroom practice;
c.2. increased understanding and knowledge of the
curriculum; and
c.3 changes in teachers’ pedagogy or practices which
are aimed at improving learners’ participation and
achievement in school.

56
2. Therefore, when evaluating the LAC, evaluators should
remain focused on the way in which the LAC is raising
levels of teacher quality and contributing to improved
outcomes for students. When evaluating the
effectiveness of the LAC, LAC members are expected to
assess the:
a. development in teacher quality;
b. impact on students’performance; and
c. effectiveness of the implemented strategies.

57
3. Additional guidelines for progress M&E are provided
below:
a. Purpose
The purpose of progress monitoring is to provide
everyone concerned with the pertinent information
about the activities so far conducted and whether the
standards are met in the process of the
implementation in terms of quality, quantity, and
time leading to the attainment of the goals and
objectives of LAC. This feedback mechanism helps the
LACs to decide on the direction to take and the
adjustments to make in the continuing
implementation of the LAC.

58
below:
b. Areas to be monitored
LACs should be monitored on the components of the
focus area.
For example, if the LAC was formed in the area of
content and pedagogy, components to be monitored
can include members’ a) content knowledge; b) skill in
particular instructional strategies; c) skill in assessment;
and d) knowledge of learners and how they learn.

59
below:
b. Areas to be monitored
Monitoring the LAC’s progress can also be based on the
protocols agreed upon by the group for the
implementation phase.
For instance, the LAC Team Norms can be the bases for
monitoring attendance and participation, working
relationships, teamwork, professionalism, and efficiency.

60
below:
c. Monitoring methods and tools
The members of a LAC should collaboratively develop
a variety of methods and tools for progress monitoring.
These can include, among others,
c.1 individual members’ monitoring or assessment of
their own activities;
c.2 peer observation or assessment;
c.3 observation or assessment by supervisor or
mentor or coach; and
c.4 monitoring or assessment of the LAC team.

61
below:
c. Monitoring methods and tools
Protocols for each of these methods should be agreed
upon and developed collaboratively by the LAC
members. Such protocols can include templates and
forms to be filled out to make monitoring and record-
keeping easy, (e.g., template for team meeting minutes,
form for individual member’s notes and plans,
observation checklists, journals or logs of classroom
application of focus strategies, etc.)

62
below:
d. Monitoring timeline
Progress monitoring is a continuous process
throughout LAC implementation. Data gathering and
assessment should be done from the beginning of
implementation through the stages of development,
growth, and sustainability of the LAC.

63
below:
e. Documentation, record-keeping, and reporting
Monitoring can only be effective if data or evidence
collected are authentic, valid, and sufficient. Thus,
documentation and record-keeping are vital aspects of
the monitoring process. Individual and team activities
should be properly documented, with appropriate tools.

64
The appointment of documenter or recorder of
minutes should be on a rotation basis. Protocols should
be developed for confidentiality or which items should
be confidential and which can be shared after the
meeting. Guidelines should be developed on record
management:
• Who should keep the files;
• where should files be kept; and
• who should have access to the files.

65
Each LAC member should build a portfolio about all
activities related to the LAC. Members can keep
individual notes on a form developed for the purpose. It
can include items about what the LAC member will
need to do as a result of agreements in the meeting and
notes on what to bring for the next team meeting.
Members can also keep logs and reflective journals on
the actions they have taken in their respective classes
towards the achievement of LAC goals. These will be
used in sharing of best practice, problems or solutions
during the team meetings.

Conduct of the LAC Session
Limitation/Prohibitions
Since LACs and LAC sessions are aimed at the
continuous professional development of
teachers, the conduct of LAC sessions shall be
limited to the purposes stated in this policy. The
holding of LAC sessions for purposes other than
those provided herein is prohibited. Prohibited
purposes may include but shall not be limited to
the following: sale of goods and other
merchandise; lending transactions; political and
religious meetings and other purposes which are
not included in this policy.

References
Department of Education. (2016, June 7). DO 35, S. 2016 –The
learning action cell as a K to 12 basic education
prog ram school-based continuing professional
development strateg y for the improvement of teaching
and learning . https://www.deped.gov.ph/2016/06/07/do-35-
s-2016- the-learning-action-cell-as-a-k-to-12-basic-education-
program-school-based-continuing-professional-
development-strategy-for-the-improvement-of-
teaching-and-learning/
Department of Education Division of Misamis Oriental.
(2018). Learning action cell toolkit: An
implementation
guidebook.https://www.depedmisor.com/uploads/1/3/
2/ 5/13258713/lac_toolkit_v3_1.pdf
Llego, M.A. (n.d.). DepEd conduct of learning action cell
(LAC) for school year 2022-2023. TeacherPH.
https://www.teacherph.com/deped-conduct-learning-
action-cell-lac-school-year-2022-2023/

A Presentation on the Learning Action Cell

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to A Presentation on the Learning Action Cell (20)

More from Joey Fontanilla Valdriz (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

A Presentation on the Learning Action Cell