Social Media Usage in Corporate Communications

A C CE SS COMM U N I C ATI ON S

October 2010

SOCIAL MEDIA RESEAR CH
Understanding Social Media Usage in
Corporate Communications
Analysis of PR industry strategies, behaviors and platforms M E D I A S T R AT E G Y A N D
ANALYTICS GROUP
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Iconic screenwriter William Goldman (Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, All Michael Young
The President’s Men) once famously remarked that in Hollywood, “nobody knows mby@accesspr.com
1.415.844.6231
anything.” What he meant was that even the best planning – in delivering a solid
script, casting the “right” talent, putting the best marketing minds behind a film’s Brian Regan
release – could not guarantee a successful outcome at the box office, despite bregan@accesspr.com
1.917.522.3523
what any “experts” at the studio might say to the contrary. Many voices persist in
applying the same sentiment to social media (including many otherwise respectable Trevor Jonas
names from venerable old media institutions), even as it becomes a mainstay of tjonas@accesspr.com
1.415.844.6221
communications strategy and tactical execution for many organizations…and most
public relations practitioners continue to struggle with defining what successful social
media outcomes are.

As part of Access Communications’ ongoing analysis of the changing media and
communications landscape, we want to better understand how senior corporate
SAN FRANCISCO
communications professionals are using social media strategies, platforms and tactics
101 Howard Street
in support of the communications and marketing functions within their respective 2nd Floor
organizations. In many quarters there is no shortage of noise and histrionic over- San Francisco
California
reaching with regard to social media. We have no interest in taking up the bellows
94105-1616
and fanning those flames. tel: 415.904.7070

fax: 415.904.7055

Our goal with this study is to better gauge communicators’ actual usage and
sentiment and future plans regarding social media. What we found is that the NEW YORK
19 Union Square West
development and advancement of social media capabilities in support of strategic
4th Floor
marketing and communications initiatives continues to be an urgent and growing New York
priority. Many are new to social media and are testing the waters. A few companies New York
10003-3304
have built proven and sustainable capabilities and best practices. Nearly all
tel: 917.522.3500
(87%) expect social media to change significantly or dramatically how corporate fax: 917.522.3510

communications teams communicate with target audiences, and similar numbers
(89%) intend to increase their investment in social media in the coming year.

WWW.ACCESSPR. C OM

A C C E S S C O M M U N I C AT I O N S

KEY FINDINGS:
nn Corporate communicators are advancing their organizational social media The following industries are represented in the
survey:
capabilities despite continued uncertainty regarding metrics and ROI
nn Information Technology
nn Low understanding of social media within other corporate functions is slowing nn Entertainment
adoption and agility nn Real Estate
nn Retail
nn Communicators have mastered the basics of social media and are seeking to
nn Automotive
take social to the next level nn Food/Beverage/Tobacco
nn Advertising/Branding/Marketing
nn Banking
METHODOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHICS nn e-Commerce
We surveyed senior-level corporate communicators at 85 companies spanning nn Energy
industries from finance, entertainment, media, real estate, retail, technology, telecom nn Transportation
and transportation. The majority (55%) of respondents hold the title of vice president nn Travel
nn Wireless
of corporate communications, while 35% are senior directors and senior managers of
nn Health Care
communications, and five percent (5%) hold titles specific to social media.

Among respondents, the average size of an in-house PR team is 28 people and the
average number of years of professional experience is 17. The annual revenue for
companies in this study ranged from $2 million to well over $100 billion. Forty-seven
percent (47%) had revenue of more than $1 Billion and 65% reported having more
than 1,000 employees.
COMPANY SIZE

> $20B
> $20 Billion $1B to $20B
< $1B

16%
53%
31% < $1 Billion
$1 Billion to $20 Billion

2 WWW.ACCESSPR. C OM


A C T I O N D E S P I T E U N C E R TA I N T Y
With change comes uncertainty. While the vast majority of respondents (86%) BEST PRACTICES FOR
are currently using social media to engage target audiences (customers, partners, P R E PA R I N G F O R A
CRISIS ON SOCIAL
employees, media and analysts), and most are well on the way to strategic use of
MEDIA
the medium, there is a deep and abiding sense of unease among respondents. We
asked, “In terms of social media, what keeps you up at night?” This question elicited Once upon a time, a company had the relative
a range of responses that can be clustered around five major insomnia-inducing luxury of managing a crisis in what today
concerns communicators have regarding social media and the responses form a is an almost comically lethargic news cycle.
The crisis team could spend all day preparing
useful starting point for our analysis:
statements and spokespeople for the (three)
network newscasts and local TV station
nn The rapid pace of change: Many expressed sentiments akin to, “It’s hard to programs (devoting some time to news radio,
keep up,” “I worry about falling behind,” and the “24/7 hour nature of depending on the severity of the story) and
social media.” then methodically assess how to respond to
print reporters filing for the next day’s editions
nn Lack of control: Communicators know that hot-tempered bloggers, competitors, (which was – again, by today’s standards – a
detractors and customers with an axe to grind can easily find a megaphone manageable and finite number.) The launch of
and audience to trash the brand. “Anonymous, reputation-stabbing short CNN in the early 1980s eventually gave us the
24 hour cable news cycle. The major difference
sellers” is how one respondent characterized this concern.
between then and now is that companies
nn Internal mindset shift and cultural gap: A persistent concern voiced by many pushed information to their audiences
through a limited number of channels of
was that within their organizations, they feel many “just don’t get social
communication. With the advent of the
media.” This includes senior management, IT and HR who are viewed as
Internet, the explosion of information platforms
slowing the widespread adoption and execution of social media across and intense competition among traditional
the business. media outlets, new media aggressors and
a fluid, ever-changing stream of voices with
nn Lack of resources: Many report that their teams are already stretched to the
broadly disparate journalistic pedigrees,
limit with current duties, and social media represents work that must be done companies today must be far more alert to the
after hours or between existing deadlines and workflows. exponentially accelerated and unwieldy nature
of the online news cycle.
nn Ambiguous metrics and ROI: With no widely agreed upon metrics to measure
the return on investment for social media, communicators face uncertainty H O W B E S T T O P R E PA R E ?

when reporting results back to internal clients whether marketing or C-suite. The rules are really quite simple; the only
change is in how a company uses the new tools
and technologies of social media to engage
with their audience over the lifecycle of a crisis
– from before it even manifests itself through
to its (hoped-for) effective resolution. Web
pioneer Aliza Sherman helps us offer key tips.



BENCHMARKING CURRENT SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE
AND PRACTICE PAY AT T E N T I O N

While these concerns appear daunting at first, it is important to note that these are “Digital listening posts” are the the modern
equivalent of keeping one’s ear to the ground;
truly early days of social media adoption. The majority (60%) began their social
multiple tools, including Google Alerts and
media programs less than two years ago, and as noted above, the vast majority Twitter, allow a company to monitor the good
are pressing ahead with social media programs and learning as they go despite and bad things people are saying about its
reservations, internal roadblocks, inter-departmental integration challenges and brand, products and services.
concerns about return on investment. REVIEW CONTEXT
Quickly, but carefully, assess what people are
Our first task in this study was to understand the basis for current practice and
saying: is it really a crisis? Do we understand
usage of social media within the corporate communications and marketing what is being said and its relative import to
departments. Based on our findings, most communicators are well versed in our brand, our mission, our integrity? There
the fundamentals of using social media to advance the corporate narrative, is nothing gained by entering the dialogue
prematurely (without the right information)
reach target audiences and secure coverage on social channels. Fully two-
or unnecessarily.
thirds are managing the corporate presence on the major platforms of blogs,
Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. They are also using social media to monitor ADDRESS PROMPTLY

competitor actions, engage bloggers strategically and execute online promotions. Rapid response – when appropriate – is critical
SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVITIES
in assessing and possibly defusing a crisis;
always remember that good news travels fast
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% online, but bad news travels faster.

Tweeting Company News 78% ACKNOWLEDGE FIRST

Monitoring competitors 73% One of the great mistakes companies make
is to misread social media’s inherent intimacy
Managing corporate YouTube 70%
with your audience. Once you assess the
Managing corporate Facebook 60% issue and what emotions are driving it, clearly
Pitching Journalists using 60% address these in your responses, using proven,
interpersonal communications (i.e. “We realize
Running contests on Twitter 60%
this is a challenging situation for all involved.”)
Commenting on 3rd party 57% Give credence to the other party’s feelings
Managing Corporate Blogs 57% and perceptions. They may not be correct, but
they are valid in that they’re what they believe
and feel.

DON’T OVERTHINK
Of critical importance – resist the temptation
to get bogged down in endless committee
discussions, iterations of drafts, and re-writes
of statements ad nauseum; overproduced
content can do more damage than good.
Trust your instincts as a seasoned public
relations professional; if you’ve taken the
time to assess the situation even a somewhat
awkward, initial response will buy you time as
you continue to work through the company’s
measured repsonse.



W H AT S O C I A L M E D I A A C T I V I T I E S A R E Y O U
CURRENTLY DOING? BE OPEN

As we dug deeper, we wanted to understand how advanced respondents ranked A crisis affects people, and people want to see
the human response to what they’re feeling or
their organization’s level of usage of various social media channels. Fifty-one percent
how they’ve been treated. Pretending there are
(51%) consider their usage and capabilities on Twitter to be highly advanced; and no emotions behind the issues is a likely way
40% say their Facebook usage is highly advanced. YouTube and Linkedin have the to lose credibility. If you are upset, worried,
lowest level of advancement for this sample, with 30% and 12% respectively, and shocked, don’t be afraid to express that – it is
a far better response than one that is over-
represent the areas of greatest growth potential for improving corporate usage.
LEVEL OF USAGE SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVITIES produced, canned and formulaic.

FIX THE PROBLEM
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
If the crisis puts a problem at your doorstep,
25% admit it, address it and fix it. If something
YouTube 45% is wrong and you can make it right, do it.
30%
If something isn’t really wrong but someone
21% perceives that it is wrong, don’t dismiss their
Twitter 28% concerns. Take every exchange seriously,
51%
and do your best. That is all anyone can
25% really expect. If you make sincere efforts and
Facebook 35%
40% consistently take the high road, you stand to
gain some goodwill, even if the problem is not
28%
Linkedin 60%
entirely resolved.
12%
TELL YOUR STORY
Not Advanced Capable Highly Advanced Reinforcing your company’s story even as you
are “fixing” the process or addressing the
issue ultimately aids in mitigating the crisis
How advanced is your company’s usage of each of the following social media itself. Giving updates such as “we are
platforms? (Scale: 1 not advanced, 7 very advanced) continuing to look into every aspect of the
issue as it is currently affecting our customers”
underscores for your audience that you are
persistently in pursuit of resolution, even if it is
behind the scenes.



Among the social media tools and activities with the lowest levels of advanced usage
are some of the more niche platforms, including managing location-based services N E W I M P E R AT I V E
such as Foursquare, Gowalla and Facebook Places (3%), as well as social news sites FOR MEASURING
SOCIAL MEDIA
such as Digg, Reddit and Newsvines (4%), live streaming video such as Ustream and
Justin.tv (5%). Podcasts showed higher levels of advanced usage (13%) as did use of Consider the historic flaws inherent in
photo-sharing site such as Flickr (15%). traditional media measurement that have
consistently challenged PR’s ability to establish
solid accountability, metrics and standards to
evaluate ROI:
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
nn An emphasis on media relations –
55% relying on such metrics as impressions –
Photo sharing 30%
15% at the exclusion of other high-value
48% PR activities
Podcasting 38% nn Too heavy a focus applied to outputs
15%
over outcomes (consisting mostly of
Location-based 81% media content analysis)
15%
services 3% nn Little primary audience research
67% nn No standardized, codified thinking
Social news sites 8%
4% around how to gauge ROI
85% With the hyper-accelerated emergence of
Livestreaming 9%
5% social media in all its permutations, old metrics
like impressions now have little meaning
and less value. It’s about engagement, not
SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS
eyeballs. It’s about establishing intimacy with
How advanced is your company’s usage of each of the following social media your audience through two-way dialogue.
platforms? (Scale: 1 not advanced, 7 very advanced) Consumers now have access to – or are
actually creating – multiple, broad channels
of engagement enabling them to voice
their opinions about a company’s brand.
Increasingly, those opinions are heard –
and valued – by a fabric of audiences that
connect and overlap across blogs, Twitter
networks, and other social platforms. In this
conversation, corporate messages become
diluted and lose importance; these peer-to-peer
communications between consumers, and two-
way communications between consumers and
brands/companies are having a significant
and game-changing impact on the way
companies are organized and behave.



PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE USEFULNESS OF
S O C I A L M E D I A I N S U P P O R T O F C O R P O R AT E Consequently, the very definition of public
relations is evolving to encompass a much
C O M M U N I C AT I O N S
broader and more integrated view of
The motivations for using social media as a communications platform are diverse, communications and how we connect, engage
but the primary goal is to connect with key stakeholders and provide media and and establish relationships with consumers,
target audiences with more channels through which to interact with the organization customers and other stakeholders on behalf
of our clients. While public relations has
and its brands. Ongoing dialogue, audience touch points and opportunities for
historically focused on “earned media,” this
media coverage abound online, and social media represents an important starting new “fabric of audiences” and the breadth of
point for communicators seeking to transition the corporate narrative to these new conversation and content it generates creates
platforms and micro-target the discussion. We therefore sought to understand how exponentially more consumer touch points that
must be captured and measured.
communicators regard the usefulness of social media as a tool for conducting core
communications activities. Not surprisingly, social media scored solid marks across What is needed is a new methodology that
the board with a majority considering social media to be useful/very useful for is easy to understand and apply, across both
traditional and social media. Here is one
pitching journalists (58%), securing media coverage (65%), managing a crisis (69%)
example proving to be successful in capturing
or driving event attendance (60%). It is worth noting that sixty-nine percent think clarity of measurement and relevance of
social media to be useful for managing a crisis, only 38% have a social media crisis metrics.
communications plan in place.

EX POSUR E EN G AG EMEN T I N F L U EN CE ACTIO N

WHO IS
T O W H AT
I N TER ACTI N G H O W H AV E W E
DEGR EE H AVE W H AT ACTIO N,
AN D EN G AG I N G I N F L U EN CED
W E CR EAT ED I F ANY,
W I TH O U R P ER CEP TI O N S
EX POS UR E H AS THE
CO N TEN T: AN D ATTI TU D ES
T O CON T EN T TAR G ET TAKE N?
H O W AN D O F TH E TAR G ET?
AN D M ES SAGE?
W H ER E?

I N CR EASED ABI L I TY TO D ETER MI N E R O I

S OURC E : D O N B A RT H O L O M E W



CORE COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% In this model, Exposure includes traditional
metrics like Impressions and Message Delivery,
42% and social media metrics like Search Rank,
Pitch journalists
58% Twitter Reach and Average Daily Visitors.
Engagement includes traditional metrics
Secure media 35% like Readership, but adds new metrics like
coverage 65% Subscriptions, Repeat Visitors and Follower
31% Mention Percentage. Influence refers to
Manage a crisis influence of the target audience, not who has
69%
influence in social networks. Influence metrics
Drive event 40% range from increases in Brand Consideration to
attendance 60% changes in attitudes and opinions to changes in
online click behavior. Action metrics can range
Not Useful Useful/Very Useful from event attendance to voting for/against
legislation to buying a product.

The need to put PR results in a business context
How useful is social media at doing the following? (Scale: 1, Not useful; 7,
has never been greater. PR must be able to
Very useful) address – and answer – the question: what are
we doing to help drive the business? Continued
reliance on output metrics like impressions will
As we moved beyond the basics, we asked communicators how they regard the make it difficult to explain business impact. The
focus must be on outcomes, and answering
utility of social media to achieve strategic communications outcomes, we noted with
the question: what happened as a result of our
interest that a majority think that the medium can deliver value in building corporate program or coverage?
reputation (88%), change audience sentiment about the brand (82%) and deliver
insights about competitors (78%).

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITIES

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

12%
Build Corporate
Reputation 88%

Change brand 18%
Sentiment 82%

Track Competitor 22%
Actions 78%

Not Useful Useful/Very Useful

How useful is social media at doing the following? (Scale: 1, Not useful; 7,
Very useful)



SOCIAL MEDIA SPENDING
As the practice of social media becomes increasingly integrated into the fabric of INFLUENCE IS THE NEW
CURRENCY
public relations and other marketing activities, it becomes more and more difficult
The social media landscape features voices
to say where one discipline or tactic ends and another begins. Is tweeting a news
of influence that include journalist-bloggers,
release from the corporate handle, “social media” or is it merely the routine process blogger-journalists, and citizen-bloggers, but
of broadcasting company news updates akin to sending an “FYI” email to beat which of the nearly 80 million Technorati-
reporters? Is running a contest on Facebook that includes a product giveaway, social ranked blogs do you want to reach? And, as
Twitter and other channels of communication
media, or is it a promotion?
become increasingly more competitive
with blogs for mindshare and impact,
The answers to these questions are different at each company and there is no right which voices are the most relevant to your
answer. In terms of how organizations are funding social media programs, the audience and, from a communications/public
responses we received were as diverse as the companies that provided them. Fifty- relations perspective, which have the most
five percent (55%) of respondents do not have a separate line-item budget for social influence? To help PR practitioners develop
smarter strategies, Access Communications,
media programs and activities, and viewed social media as an integral component of
developed a proprietary toolset designed to
either the overall communications spend. For most social media budgets embedded effectively engage online voices of influence
into communications programs and resources allocated to PR agency partners. and better guide companies’ social media
communications efforts. The Access Blog
Influence Engine (ABIE) is a multi-dimensional
Company Revenue % Respondents Average Range Highest Budget scoring model that ranks blogs by influence
and tracks more than 10,000 blogs by
< $1Billion 53% $25,000-200,000 $500,000 audience, topic area and market segment.
Access also maintains extensive insights about
$1Billion to $20 Billion 31% $200,000-$300,000 $2,700,000 individual bloggers, including author profiles,
> $20 Billion posting history, sentiment, topic mapping,
16% $300,000-$500,000 $5,000,000
linking behaviors and others.

While levels of investment in social media varied greatly across this sample, one thing
was nearly unanimous among respondents – over the next 12-18 months 89% said
they will be increasing their level of investment in social media.
HUMAN
INTELLIGENCE

ACCESS

R ANK

ALEXA

TR AFFIC

COMPETE

POPULAR ITY

YAHOO!

ENGAGEMENT

POSTR ANK

ABIE IDENTIFIES CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCE



MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING
Measuring social media activities has created an entirely new set of measurement
and reporting functions within corporate communications departments. There is still

ABIE S CORE – 100 POINT S CALE
I N CREA SE
PR O T E C T
much work to be done in this area. The integration of social media monitoring and RELEVA N CE

measurement has meant retraining staff, buying new monitoring services, whether
agency or third-party, and re-engineering internal workflows and reporting cycles. In
terms of the basic mechanics of measurement, companies are connecting proactive WAT CH & LI ST EN DE V E L O P

communications initiatives to growth in the numbers of followers, tweets and re-tweets
(Twitter), “likes” (Facebook), and subscribers (YouTube and blogs).
L EVEL OF EN G A G EMEN T

The adoption of social media has brought with it a host of new and more advanced
THE BLOG ENGAGEMENT MATRIX ENABLES
activities, including: listening to voices, tracking conversation threads, monitoring STRATEGIC FOCUS AROUND REACHING
influentials, participating in communities of relevance, contributing content, VOICES OF INFLUENCE

conversing with customers, and tracking impact on the business. Respondents are
tracking company and brand connections to online conversations and hot topics,
monitoring competitive share of voice data across social media channels, and
keeping track of where conversations are taking place and what is being said.
Traditional communications measures such as audience reach, message pull-through
and tone remain highly relevant and in use across social media.

As noted above, an abiding concern communicators have regarding social media is
the general lack of tangible metrics to measure impact of programs beyond the more
ephemeral metrics of conversations, community buzz and customer engagement.
Most respondents believe social media has significant utility to drive web site traffic
(85%) and engage customers (83%), yet the jury is still out on whether social media is
useful or effective at selling products (45%).
CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT/E-COMMERCE

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

15%
Drive Traffic
to Web 85%

17%
Connect with 83%
Customers

55%
Sell Products 45%

Not Useful Useful/Very Useful



CONCLUSIONS
A surprising number of hold-outs: It is worth noting that there are still many (1
in 5) that have never attempted to use social media for a number of common
communications and marketing related activities, including generate sales (22%),
drive trial or usage (23%), or source new employees (22%).

There are no half-measures in social media. Most respondents to this study have
gone “all-in” with regard to advancing their organizations social media skills. They
are building strong social media management skills and capabilities, launching new
campaigns, managing the disparate goals, aspirations, needs and concerns of their
colleagues in marketing, HR, IT, customer service and senior management.

Everyone must work together. Respondents noted the need for stakeholders across
key functions and departments to form a unified social media strategy. In most
big companies, not only do IT, digital, marketing and sales not work together,
they compete with each other. A company that hasn’t learned to listen to its own
employees, and encouraged them to collaborate internally, is not likely to succeed in
integrating social media tools into its marketing mix.

Top management must be on board. A persistent concern voiced by many
respondents is that senior management doesn’t sufficiently “get” social media,
slowing its widespread adoption and execution across the business. Social media
integration will continue to meet resistance until top management says it’s OK to
spend time – and money – to integrate it into the company’s marketing and culture.
A good example of this is companies who persist in talking to customers, rather than
listening and responding to what customers say about the brand, talking to doesn’t
work any more. A company not willing to listen to customers, to be nimble and quick
enough to respond and change, will soon be unable to compete with smart, tech-
savvy companies that can turn on a dime. Willingness to change is the new bottom
line for every business today, but top management has to buy in before change
can begin.



Don’t expect overnight success. Yes, videos go viral, contests attract a lot of buzz,
tweets gain followers, and Facebook pages earn fans. But what comes after those
efforts? Even as new tools quickly make the current ones obsolete, how will social
media evolve and continue to fit into the company’s overall strategy and help it
reach long-term goals? One way is by ensuring continuity of engagement. For
example, once you empower your customers to become your evangelists, you
must be prepared to continue it. This kind of marketing – the intimacy of customer
engagement that social media allows - must be permanent. Once you have created
the community, listen to it.

Public relations measurement is at a crossroads. Respondents all speak to the need
for PR to quantify the value of its programs. Companies are deploying a wide range
of toolsets and methodologies across their social media initiatives in an effort to
gauge the effectiveness of their spending. Old metrics are no longer applicable and
old thinking must be replaced by new. It is becoming increasingly clear that industry
standards must be adopted which universalize the right metrics and apply realistic
measurement parameters to relevant outcomes, to optimize PR’s ability to quantify its
social media programs and prove its value.

And finally, Social Media Measurement will be part digital, part analog. The
migration of media and dialogue to online platforms changes what we need to
track, research and measure, and where we look for data and the methodologies we
employ in our analysis. What is certain is that there will always be more data but
with that will come new tools and better analytics. What will also not change is the
need to apply insights to this data – perspective and human analysis that is the value-
add PR provided in the traditional media world, must continue to provided in the new
world of social media – and what this data means to the business, and how to make
it actionable in service to business objectives to achieve outcomes that drive value.


Social Media Usage in Corporate Communications

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