ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER
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This document discusses analog to digital and digital to analog converters. It describes the basic components and functions of an operational amplifier, inverting amplifier, and non-inverting amplifier. It also summarizes two common types of digital to analog converters: weighted-register DACs and R-2R ladder DACs. Finally, it provides an overview of analog to digital converters and lists some common types, including counting, dual slope, parallel, voltage to frequency, and voltage to time conversion ADCs.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER
- 1. A/D AND D/A CONVERTER BY SRIPATI MAHAPATRA
- 2. AMPLIFIER An electronic amplifier is a device for increasing the power of a signal. It does this by taking energy from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude. In this sense, an amplifier may be considered as modulating the output of the power supply TYPES OF AMPLIFIER Inverting Amplifier Non-Inverting Amplifier
- 3. OP-AMP (Operational Amplifier) An Operational Amplifier, or Op Amp, is a dual-input, single-output amplifier that exhibits a high open-loop gain, high input resistances, and a low output resistance. One of the inputs of an operational amplifier amp is non-inverting while the other is inverting. The output Vout of an operational amplifier without feedback (also known as open-loop) is given by the formula: Vout = A(Vp-Vn) where A is the open-loop gain of the op amp, Vp is the voltage at the non-inverting input, and Vn is the voltage at the inverting input.
- 4. INVERTING AMPLIFIER Amplifier whose output polarity is reversed as compared to its input; such an amplifier obtains its negative feedback by a connection from output to input, and with high gain is widely used as an operational amplifier. GAIN (Av) = -Rf/R1
- 5. NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER An operational amplifier in which the input signal is applied to the ungrounded positive input terminal to give a gain greater than unity and make the output voltage change in phase with the input voltage. GAIN (Av) = 1+RF/R2
- 6. D/A CONVERTER Weighted-register D/A converter R-2R ladder D/A converter Weighted-register D/A converter The OP-Amp adder circuit is used to build a Weighted-register D/A converter by selecting input register that are weighted in binary progression.
- 7. Output Voltage (V0) = -RFV1/R1-RFV2/R2-RFV3/R3 V0 = -(RFV1/R1+RFV2/R2+RFV3/R3) R=2R ladder D/A Converter An R-2R Ladder is a simple and inexpensive way to perform digital- to-analog conversion, using repetitive arrangements of precision resistor networks in a ladder-like configuration. As its name implies, the R-2R network consists of resistors with only two values, R and 2R (10K and 20K, respectively, in the circuit shown). The input SN to bit N is '1' if it is connected to a voltage VR and '0' if it is grounded.
- 8. Analog to Digital Converter An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous quantity to a discrete digital number. Or A device that converts continuously varying analog signals from instruments and sensors that monitor conditions, such as sound, movement and temperature into binary code for the computer. The A/D converter may be contained on a single chip or can be one circuit within a chip.
- 9. TYPES Counting A/D Converter Dual slope A/D converter Parallel A/D Converter A/D Converter using voltage for frequency conversion A/D Converter using voltage to time conversion