Anatomy and Physiology Basics IHS
- 1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology, Basic Organization of the Body IHS Unit 4
- 2. Goals • Discuss how the body is organized, from microscopic to macroscopic. • Identify the systems of the body, and their functions. • Relate this back to homeostasis.
- 3. Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy is study of the STRUCTURE of something – how it looks. • Physiology is the study of FUNCTION – how it works. – We study these together because the structure of a cell, tissue or organ is dependent on its function.
- 4. What are people made of? • Matter. – Matter is what? – Atoms -> Molecules-> Macromolecules -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems -> You
- 6. Cells • Are all human cells the same?
- 7. Cells • No! – Cells specialize based on their purpose/functions. – Examples include flat smooth cells for skin and other linings in body. – Muscle cells have special structures that allow contraction. – Nerve cells have special properties that allow them to connect and communicate. • All cells do have the same DNA. • Stem cells are cells that are able to adapt and become different types of cells.
- 8. Tissues • Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a function.
- 9. Organs • Several types of tissues (or just a few) work together to perform a function. • Example: – Heart is made up of cardiac muscle, connective tissues, linings and coverings (called epithelium).
- 10. Systems and Organisms • Several organs work together to complete a selection of tasks and function for the body. • All systems work together to maintain homeostasis, and create an organism.
- 11. Major Systems of the Human Body • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Digestive • Urinary • Endocrine • Reproductive • Nervous • Immune • Circulatory • Respiratory
- 12. Homeostasis • Means “staying the same.” The is the healthy, functioning state of the human body. • The body has to use many processes and mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. – Literally everything about our environment is a threat to homeostasis. Our bodies are very good at maintaining homeostasis. – All of our body systems help us maintain homeostasis.