APUSH Chapter 1 American Pageant
- 1. APUSH CHAPTER ONE “New World Beginnings” 33,000 BC-1769 AD Early European Settlement
- 2. Europeans Cross Africa • 1295 – Marco Polo returned from 20 years in China • Told stories (and wrote a book) of adventures • Evidence actually in China is weak • Stimulated European interest in cheaper route to East
- 3. • 1450 – Portuguese 2 breakthroughs in sailing • Before – European sailors refused to sail southward along coast of West Africa • Could not sail back (north) against wind and currents (both flowing from north to south) • 1. Caravel – ship that could sail more closely into (against) the wind • 2. Discovered they could sail back to Europe by sailing northwest to Azores (islands off coast of Spain) and then to Europe
- 5. Columbus Comes upon a New World • Events leading up to discovery of New World • Europeans wanted more products from Asia • Africa established as source of cheap slave labor • Portuguese show feasibility of long-range voyages • Spain – modern nation-state took shape with unity, wealth, power to explore faraway places • Renaissance (began in 1300s) gave Europeans adventurous spirit and thirst for knowledge • Printing presses (1450) allowed spread of scientific knowledge • Mariner’s compass invented (Arabs?)
- 6. •From New World to Old World • Tobacco, beans, tomatoes, potato transformed European diet and economy • 3/5 of crops today originally came from Americas • Maize, manioc (starchy tuberous root, similar to a potato), sweet potatoes fed Africa • Ironically may have fed African population boom that offset the population loss from the slave trade • New animals like iguana and rattlesnake • Syphilis introduced in Old World for 1st time
- 7. •From Old World to New World • Cattle, swine, horses • Horses spread to Mexico and up to Canada • Great Plains Indians – Apaches, Sioux, Blackfoot adopted the horse and were transformed into highly mobile, wide-ranging hunter societies • Sugar cane • Brought by Columbus and thrived in Caribbean • “sugar revolution” in European diet, fueled by slave labor • Seeds of Kentucky bluegrass, dandelions, daisies • Smallpox, yellow fever, malaria
- 9. Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
- 10. The Conquest of Mexico •1519 – Hernán Cortés sailed from Cuba to Mexico to conquer Aztecs • 16 fresh horses and several hundred men •On Yucatán Peninsula • Rescued a female Indian slave who knew both Mayan and Aztec languages • Cortés had advantage of superior firepower and ability to understand speech of the Indians he was about to conquer
- 11. Explorations of Hernán Cortés
- 12. The City of Tenochtitlán
- 13. Principle Voyages of Discovery
- 14. The Spread of Spanish America • 1680 – Popé’s Rebellion • Pueblo Indians in New Mexico rebelled against Spanish rule and forced Catholic conversion • Pueblos destroyed churchs, killed scores of priests, and hundreds of Spanish settlers •Took nearly 50 years for Spanish to re-conquer Pueblos after Popé’s Rebellion
- 15. Explorations of Robert de La Salle
- 16. •Spanish did kill, enslave, infect countless natives • But this was not a systematic slaughter (like the Holocaust) • Spain also brought some benefits to natives •Technology, law, culture, religion • Natives brought some benefits to Spanish •Spanish intermarried with natives and fused native cultures into their own
Editor's Notes
- #10: Portugal asks for extra 200 miles West and receives what becomes Brazil.
- #11: Aztecs believe he is the returning god Quetzalcoatl.
- #14: Spanish explorers (aka “Magnificent 7”): Balboa (1513-Pacific); Magellan (1519-circumvents the globe); Ponce de Leon (1513&1521- Florida); Coronado (1540-S/W America); Soto (1540-Mississippi River); Pizarro (1532-Peru); Cortez (1519-21 Aztecs). England (Cabot 1497-98); France (Big 3: Verrazano 1524, Cartier 1532, LaSalle 1680). First Permanent European settlement in America is St. Augustine, Florida by Spain 1565.