![Examples:
I left my house in the morning [sequence] then I went to pick up Leanne
at her house.
[cause]We talked until the early hours and [effect] consequently I
overslept the next morning. (the result of the late night is that I was late
the next morning)
The sun will be shining in France. [contrast] However, heavy rain is
expected in Spain.
Comment Adverbs: Comment adverbs are usually placed before the
verb, but may also appear before the subject of the sentence. If the
comment adverb comes before the subject, separate the adverb and the
subject with a comma.
Examples:
Subject | adverb | verb | object: I foolishly agreed to meet my
ex-girlfriend.
Adverb | subject | verb | object: Foolishly, I agreed to meet my
ex-girlfriend.
Clearly, Paul had no idea what he was doing.
Paul had no idea what he was doing, clearly.
Paul clearly had no idea what he was doing.
When the comment adverb is placed after the subject, commas are often used
around the adverb:
- Paul, clearly, had no idea what he was doing.
4. – when a phrase acts as an adverb, we call it an:
Adverbial phrases: are so-called because they can occur in the same
range of positions as single adverbs; but many such adverbial phrases,
paradoxically, do not contain an adverb.
Adverbial phrase (or adverb phrase) is the term for two or more words
which play the role of an adverb.
Examples:
I will sit in silence. (adverbial phrase)
On Friday night, I'm playing squash
Their marriage broke up in the most painful way.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/archivo-escrito-grammar-iv-150627165458-lva1-app6892/85/ADVERBS-DOCUMENT-5-320.jpg)
ADVERBS DOCUMENT
- 1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS GRAMAR IV TOPIC: Adverbs: Use and Form STUDENTS: Erika Yamasque Janneth Caba Gesica Ramirez Erika Saigua TEACHER: Magdalena Ullauri DATE: 26/05/2015
- 2. ADVERBS: USE AND FORM What is an Adverb? Adverb (noun): a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb, expressing manner, place, time or degree; a word that can modify a phrase, clause or sentence. An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. The Difference between Adjectives and Adverbs ADJECTIVE ADVERB An Adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (i.e., describes) a noun or pronoun. Adjectives may come before the word they modify. An adverb is a word or set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Examples: Examples: That is a cute puppy. She likes a high school senior. He speaks slowly. (modifies the verb speaks) He is especially clever. (modifies the adjective clever) ADJECTIVE ADVERB Fanny is a careful girl. Fanny drives carefully She is very careful. She drives carefully Fanny is a ceraful driver. This sentence is about Fanny, the driver, so use the Adjective. Fanny drives carefully. This sentence is about her way of driving, so use the Adverb. ADVERBS: USE 1. - Adverb: We use adverb a bit more flexible because it describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Examples: Verb + adverb The adverb describes a verb.
- 3. Example: He drove carefully. verb adverb She sold her house quickly verb adverb Adjective + adverb The adverb describes an adjective Example: Her necklace was horribly expensive. adverb adjective She was terribly sorry. adverb adjective Adverb + adverb The adverb describes an adverb Example: They played terribly badly. adverb adverb He did his homework absolutely correctly. adverb adverb 2. - An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". Examples: Adverb of time (when or where): An adverb of time tells us when something is done or happens. We use it at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. We use it as a form of emphasis when we place it at the beginning. Adverbs of time include afterwards, already, always, immediately, last month, now, soon, then, and yesterday. He collapsed and died yesterday. His factory was burned down a few months ago.
- 4. Last week, we were stuck in the lift for an hour. Adverb of place (when or where): An adverb of place tells us where something is done or happens. We use it after the verb, object or at the end of a sentence. Adverbs of place include words such as above, below, here, outside, over there, there, under, upstairs. We can stop here for lunch. The schoolboy was knocked over by a school bus. They rushed for their lives when fire broke out in the floor below. Adverb of degree (how much or how strongly): An adverb of degree tells us the level or extent that something is done or happens. Words of adverb of degree are almost, much, nearly, quite, really, so, too, very, etc. It was too dark for us to find our way out of the cave. (Before adjective) Her daughter is quite fat for her age. The accident victim nearly died from his injuries. Adverb of frequency (how often): An adverb of frequency tells us how often something is done or happens. Words used as adverbs of frequency include again, almost, always, ever, frequently, generally, hardly ever, nearly, nearly always, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually, and weekly. They were almost fifty when they got married. Peter seldom reads the Bible. Sometimes he stays late in the office to complete his work. Adverb of manner: An adverb of manner tells us how something is done or happens. Most adverbs of manner end in –ly such as badly, happily, sadly, slowly, quickly, and others that include well, hard, fast, etc. The brothers were badly injured in the fight. They had to act fast to save the others floating in the water. At the advanced age of 88, she still sang very well. 3. There are other types of adverb. Example: Linking Adverbs: Linking adverbs show a relationship between two clauses or sentences (e.g. A sequence in time, cause and effect, contrast between two things):
- 5. Examples: I left my house in the morning [sequence] then I went to pick up Leanne at her house. [cause]We talked until the early hours and [effect] consequently I overslept the next morning. (the result of the late night is that I was late the next morning) The sun will be shining in France. [contrast] However, heavy rain is expected in Spain. Comment Adverbs: Comment adverbs are usually placed before the verb, but may also appear before the subject of the sentence. If the comment adverb comes before the subject, separate the adverb and the subject with a comma. Examples: Subject | adverb | verb | object: I foolishly agreed to meet my ex-girlfriend. Adverb | subject | verb | object: Foolishly, I agreed to meet my ex-girlfriend. Clearly, Paul had no idea what he was doing. Paul had no idea what he was doing, clearly. Paul clearly had no idea what he was doing. When the comment adverb is placed after the subject, commas are often used around the adverb: - Paul, clearly, had no idea what he was doing. 4. – when a phrase acts as an adverb, we call it an: Adverbial phrases: are so-called because they can occur in the same range of positions as single adverbs; but many such adverbial phrases, paradoxically, do not contain an adverb. Adverbial phrase (or adverb phrase) is the term for two or more words which play the role of an adverb. Examples: I will sit in silence. (adverbial phrase) On Friday night, I'm playing squash Their marriage broke up in the most painful way.
- 6. When used to modify a verb, an adverb (including an adverbial phrase and an adverbial clause) will usually describe when, where, or how something happens. When (Adverbial Phrase of Time) An adverbial phrase of time states when something happens or how often. For example: I'll do it in a minute. After the game, the king and pawn go into the same box. (Italian Proverb) Do not wait for the last judgment. It takes place every day. (Albert Camus) Where (Adverbial Phrase of Place) An adverbial phrase of place states where something happens. For example: I used to work in a fire-hydrant factory. You couldn't park anywhere near the place. (Steven Wright) Opera is when a guy gets stabbed in the back and, instead of bleeding, he sings. (Ed Gardner) How (Adverbial Phrase of Manner) An adverbial phrase of manner states how something is done. For example: He would always talk with a nationalistic tone. He sings in a low register. People who say they sleep like a baby usually don't have one. (Leo J. Burke) Prepositional Phrases: Prepositional phrases are groups of words containing prepositions. Remember that prepositions are words that indicate the relationships between various elements within a sentence, and you’ll never have difficulty identifying prepositional phrases. It normally consists of a preposition and a noun or a preposition and a pronoun. Remember the following rules for prepositional phrases and you will find that using them becomes much easier. Prepositional phrases always consist of two basic parts at minimum: the object and the preposition. In formal English, prepositions are almost always followed by objects. Adjectives can be placed between the prepositions and objects in prepositional phrases.
- 7. Prepositional phrases can act as adverbs or adjectives. When they are used as adjectives, they modify nouns and pronouns in the same way single-word adjectives do. When prepositional phrases are used as adverbs, they at the same way single-word adverbs and adverb clauses do, modifying adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs. Examples The cupcake with sprinkles is yours. The cupcake with colorful sprinkles is yours. We climbed up the hill. We climbed up the very steep hill. Noun Phrases: A noun phrase is a phrase that plays the role of a noun. The head word in a noun phrase will be a noun or a pronoun. Examples: I like singing in the bath. I know the back streets. I've met the last remaining chief. ADVERBS: FORM Many adverbs end in -ly, but many do not. Generally, if a word can have -ly added to its adjective form, place it there to form an adverb. Examples. Adjective + ly sad sadly quiet quietly nervous nervously soft softly The mouse nervously scurried Adjectives ending in –le form adverbs by changing –le to –ly Examples Adjectives ending in -le »»» ly
- 8. terrible terribly capable capably Adjectives ending in –y form adverbs by changing –y to –ily. Examples Adjectives ending in -y »»» ily happy happily angry angrily Adjectives ending in –y form adverbs by adding =ally Examples Adjectives ending in –ic >>>>> -ally Automatic automatically Heroic heroically The machine gives you your money back automatically. The soldiers fought heroically. Some adverbs which end in –ly come from nouns Examples Adjectives ending in -ly friendly in a friendly way / manner daily daily lively in a lively way / manner early early lonely in a lonely way / manner monthly monthly lovely in a lovely way / manner weekly weekly silly in a silly way / manner yearly yearly
- 9. Some words have the same form whether they are used as adjectives or adverbs: Examples Irregular forms good well low low fast fast straight straight hard hard extra extra long long doubtless doubtless (Adjective) — That is a fast speedboat. (Adverb) — He stood up so fast he knocked his chair over. (Adjective) — The ground was hard. (Adverb) — They all worked hard to meet the project deadline Some words have double forms Example Double forms hard hard hardly = kaum near near nearly = beinahe late late lately = in letzter Zeit Bibliography 1. (Jame R. Hurford, Grammar: A Student's Guide. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994) 2. http://www.english-4u.de/adjective_adverb.htm 3. http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_adjectives _and_adverbs