AYESHA SADDIQA...... Family Convolvulaceace.pptx
- 1. AYESHA SADDIQA 0239-BS-BOT-22 MAJOR BOTANY SEMESTER 05 GC UNIVSERSITY LAHORE
- 2. Family Convolvulaceae Systematic Position Kingdom- Plantae Division- Spermatophyta Sub- division- Angiospermae Class- Dicotyledonae Sub-class- Gametopetalae Series- Bicarpellatae Order- Polemoniales Family- Convolvulaceae
- 3. Distribution Small family comprising of 55 genera & 1650 species which are cosmopoliton. They are found in tropical and temperate regions except very cold places. Hildebrandtia is an endamic plant of North Eastern Tropical Africa In India about 25 genera and 199 species are present.
- 4. Habit The plant of this family are mostly herbs and some are twinners as Ipomoea palmata, Convolvulus arvensis, C. microphyllus. Hildebrandtia and seddera are shrubby plants. Ipomoea aquatica is an aquatic herb while ipomoea fistulosa is a shrub.
- 5. ROOT The root in sometimes become greatly swollen and thickened and store starch and sugar e.g., Ipomoea batata. in cuscuta, the root is haustorial. STEM Herbaceous,erect or twining or parasitic. It is solid or fistular as in ipomoea fistulosa. Argyreia shows anomalous structure in stem. Various types of vascular bundles are found in ground tissues.
- 6. Leaf Leaves are simple, alternate and exstipulate. The lamina is variously shaped as linear- lanceolate in Ipomoea microphyllus, bilobed in Ipomoea biloba. The leaves are hairy in Ipomoea microphyllus. In hildebrandtia, seddara and some of its xerophytic species, the leaves are greatly reduced.
- 8. Inflorescence The flowers are solitary axillary in Seddara and Evolvulus. Most commonly they are arranged in dichasial cymes which tend to become monochasial as in Ipomoea, Convolvulus and Argyreia.
- 9. Flower Bisexual or unisexual, hypogynous,actinomorphic,pent amerous,bracteates and often bracteolate. The bracteolate are usually small, scale-like but in catystegin, theyt are quite large and completely enclosed the calyx. In hildebrandtin, the flowers are tetramerous, unisexual and diecious.
- 11. Calyx 5 sepals, polysepalous or highly fused as in cuscuta, hildebrandtia has 4 sepals, hairy or glabrous, often persistent, aestivation imbricate.
- 12. Corolla 5 petals, sometimes 4 in Hildebrandtia, gamopetalous and most commonly infundibuliform as in Ipomoea. Aestivation valvate: twisted or imbricate. In cuscuta, hairy scales are present at the base of stamens in corolla tube alternating with the petals. These scales may represent the whorl of staminodes or second whorl of petals.
- 13. Androecium 5 stamens, epipetalous, polyandrous and heterodynamous,i.e., the filaments of all stamens are of different lenghts. In Hildebrandtia, only 4 stamens are present. Anthers dithecous introrse dehiscing by longitudinal slit. The pollen grains are of two types: I. ellipsoidal with longitudinal bands,e.g,Convolvulus II. spherical with an echinulate exine,e.g,Ipomoea
- 14. Gynoecium It consists of two medianly arranged carpels which are syncarpous. Superior ovary situated on a necter secreting disc and often covered with hairs. It is bilocular with axile placentation. The ovary become tetralocular due to formation of false septum. The style is terminal with capitate stigma. The number of stigmatic lobes may vary.
- 15. Fruit It is commonly a loculicidal capsule as in Ipomoea and Convolvulus. In Dichondra, the fruit is a schizocarp often breaking up into two mericarps. It may also be one seeded achene with a membranous pericarp as in Porana. In Argyreia, the fruit is a berry.
- 17. Floral Formula & Floral Diagram ♀ or | | K(5)| C(5) | A5 | G(2) ⚥ ✳
- 18. Economic Importance Edible Plants: Ipomoea botatas, sweet potato rich in starch and sugar. Ipomoea aquatica, young shoots and leaves are used as vegetable. Medicinal plant: Convolvulus scammonia, dried latex from root stock yeild drug scammony. Exogonium purga,drug jalap is obtained from its roots stock. Sand binder: Ipomoea biloba is a good binder. Ornamental: Ipomoea tuberosa, Ipomoea palmata,Porana paniculata and Argyreia nervosa are good ornamental plants.
- 19. Thank You