Basics of internet
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The document outlines the evolution of the internet backbone, beginning with the NSFNET in 1987 and the development of high-speed connections by organizations like IBM and MCI. It discusses the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 as a system for accessing documents, utilizing key components like URLs, HTTP, and hypertext for easy navigation. Additionally, it explains the domain name system (DNS) that translates internet domain names into IP addresses.
Basics of internet
- 2. contents Internet Backbone World wide web (WWW) Hypertext Hyperlink Universal resource locator Hyper text transfer protocol Domain name system
- 3. Internet backbone? • National science foundation (NSF) created first high speed backbone in 1987 called NSFNET. • It was a T1 that connected 170 smaller networks together and operated at 1.544 (mbps) • Than IBM, MCI worked with NSF to create the backbone and developed at a T3 (45 Mbps) backbone.
- 4. Continued….. Backbones are typically fiber optic trunk lines. The trunk line has multiple fiber optic cables to increase the capacity. It is the central structure that connects other elements of the network.
- 6. Tim berners-lee invented the web in 1989. The web is a service a system for accessing documents that is supported by the internet. The web’s creators wanted to create a simple way to access any document that was stored on a network without having to search through indexes or directories of files.
- 7. The web relies on three mechanisms to make these resources readily available to the widest possible audience. A uniform naming scheme for locating resources on the web (e.g URLs) . Protocol for access to named resources over the web (e.g HTTP). Hypertext for easy navigation among resources (e.g HTML)
- 9. Hypertext A hypertext document Is a specially encoded file that uses the HTML. Hypertext more commonly called as webpage. HTML allows a document’s author to embed hypertext links. Hypertext systems provide an easy way to manage large collections of data, either image, movie, audio, or text. Web documents are linked together because they are created in a hypertext format.
- 10. Hyperlink A hyperlink is simply a part of the web page that is linked to a URL. A hyperlink can appear as text, an image etc. By clicking an hyperlink you jump from present location to the URL specified by the hyperlink. When pointer touches hyperlink text, the hyperlink URL appears in the browser’s status bar.
- 12. HTTP To support hypertext document web uses a special protocol HTTP. HTTP is an application protocol. It is the protocol used to exchange or transfer hypertext. Used by web browser and web server to communicate.
- 14. Universal resource locator (URL) The HTTP uses internet addresses in a special format called a uniform resource locator. The intent was to take the idea of telephone numbers, and apply them to addressing millions of web pages and machines. Today, an estimated 65 billion web pages and internet transmitters are addressed using URL names.
- 15. http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howthewebworks.html • The http:// means your computer can pull this page off my computer using the standard process called HTTP. • www.explainthatstuff.com is the address or domain name of my computer. • howthewebworks.html is the name of the file you're currently reading off my computer. • The .html part of the filename tells your computer it's an HTML file
- 16. Domain name system (DNS) The domain name system (DNS) is the way that Internet domain names are located and translated into Internet Protocol addresses. an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. the domain name www.example.com might translate to198.105.232.4.