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Blue Teaming on a Budget of Zero
- 1. THREATCARE Open Source Defense Building a Security Program with Zero Budget
- 2. Agenda •Budget challenges beyond CapEx/OpEx •Foundations: The big picture and where to start •Specific free & open-source tools to help at each step •Real-World Experiences and Fun Stories* *Randomly dispersed throughout
- 3. whoami – Kyle Bubp • Just a dude trying to make things better.
- 4. Security: What’s the “True Cost”? • Security = People + Processes + Products People • Salary • Training • Personal Dev • Management Processes • Plan (policy) • Build (tech) • Test • Improvement Products • CapEx/OpEx • Support • Time to Value • Labor:Value
- 5. Why FOSS? Not just for people with budget constraints! It’s about time and control.
- 6. Commercial 1. Google search 2. Choose three 3. Contact vendors 4. Proof of concept 5. Wine & dine 6. Procurement 7. Implementation Elapsed time: weeks/months FOSS 1. Google search 2. Download 3. Configure Elapsed time: minutes/hours Why FOSS?
- 7. Shelfware Products that are purchased, but never get used or never fully achieve their intended value
- 8. What ends up on the Shelf? What would get them off the shelf?
- 10. Foundational Blueprints and Frameworks •NIST Standards and Frameworks •CIS Critical Security Controls •ISO 27000 •MITRE ATT&CK
- 12. Document everything! A core documentation repository is critical •Policy, procedure, how-tos, etc: • MediaWiki • Atlassian Confluence ($10 for up to 10 users) •Incident Response Ticketing/Documentation: • RTIR (https://bestpractical.com/download-page) • The Hive (https://thehive-project.org/)
- 13. Build from the ground up 1. Identify 2. Protect and Harden 3. Detect 4. Respond 5. Recover
- 15. The Asset Discovery Dilemma Active Scanning? Nmap? Vuln Scanner? No. Ask your network! NetDB https://netdbtracking.sourceforge.net/ .ova available at https://www.kylebubp.com/files/netdb.ova
- 16. Other network mapping approaches •nmap + ndiff/yandiff • Not just for red teams. • Export results, diff for changes. • Alert if something changed. •Netdisco • https://sourceforge.net/projects/netdisco • Uses SNMP to inventory your network devices
- 17. Data Discovery •Users are good at putting sensitive data on the network. •Find it with OpenDLP
- 18. OpenVAS •Fork of Nessus •Still maintained •Default vuln scanner in AlienVault •Does a great job in comparison w/ commercial products
- 19. Web Apps too! •Arachni Framework (arachni-scanner.com) •OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy) •Nikto2 (more of a server config scanner) •Portswigger Burp Suite (not free - $350) •For a comparison – sectoolmarket.com
- 20. In addition to fixing vulnerabilities… •Build in some additional security on your web servers. (also part of a secure configuration) •Fail2ban Python-based IPS that runs off of Apache Logs •Modsecurity Open source WAF for Apache, IIS, & nginx
- 21. Build from the ground up 1. Identify 2. Protect and Harden 3. Detect 4. Respond 5. Recover
- 22. Protect
- 24. Host-based IDS • Monitor Critical and Sensitive Files via Integrity Checks • Detects Rootkits • Can monitor Windows Registry • Alert on Changes
- 25. Windows 10 – Out of the box – CIS Benchmark
- 26. Secure Configuration •CIS Benchmarks / DISA Stigs •Configuration Management, while not exciting, is important •Deploy configs across your enterprise using tools like GPO, Chef, Puppet, or Ansible •Change Management is also important • Use git repo for tracking changes to your config scripts
- 27. PATCH IT ALL (kinda)
- 29. Patching Linux +
- 30. Build from the ground up 1. Identify 2. Protect and Harden 3. Detect 4. Respond 5. Recover
- 31. What’s happening on the endpoint? •Facebook-developed osquery is effectively free EDR • Agents for MacOS, Windows, Linux • Deploy across your enterprise w/ Chef, Puppet, Ansible, or SCCM • Do fun things like, search for IoCs (hashes, processes, etc.) • Pipe the data into ElasticStack for visibility & searchability •If you only need Windows, check out Microsoft Sysinternals Sysmon
- 32. What’s happening on the network? •Elkstack •Suricata •Bro •Snort •SecurityOnion: put it all together
- 33. Logging and Monitoring •Central logging makes detection and analysis easier •Many options here, such as Windows Event Subscription, rsyslog •Can also pipe to one central location with dashboards, such as ElasticStack •Good idea to include DNS logs!
- 34. Testing Controls
- 35. Breach and Attack Simulation • CALDERA (Based ATT&CK) • Uber Metta • Endgame RTA • Guardicore’s Infection Monkey • Barkly’s Stackhackr • Nextron Systems’ APTSimulator • AlphaSOC’s flightsim
- 36. Education
- 37. Phishing Education • Phishing Frenzy • Social Engineering Toolkit (SET) • GoPhish
- 38. Parting thoughts… • Build versus Buy • Security Requirements don’t change, regardless of budget. • Build a strong foundation and branch out. • Consider scenarios – solve one scenario at a time, NOT all at once! • Stay curious and contribute to projects you like. • Community! Share ideas – learn from others • DOCUMENT EVERYTHING