Built in the 19th century, rebuilt for the 21st
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The document discusses several topics related to digitization of biological data collections: 1) It describes how databases like GenBank rely on both experimentalist and natural history traditions by collecting and comparing natural facts from experiments. 2) Debates around creating GenBank in 1982 illuminated different moral economies regarding collecting/sharing data and attributing credit. 3) Both experimentalism and natural history traditions have shaped new ways of producing knowledge in life sciences through articulating these approaches in databases.
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Built in the 19th century, rebuilt for the 21st
- 2. Digitisation
- 4. GBIF.org 500+ million records
- 6. The Experimenter’s Museum GenBank, Natural History, and the Moral Economies of Biomedicine By Bruno J. Strasser* ABSTRACT Today, the production of knowledge in the experimental life sciences relies crucially on the use of biological data collections, such as DNA sequence databases. These collections, in both their creation and their current use, are embedded in the experimentalist tradition. At the same time, however, they exemplify the natural historical tradition, based on collecting and comparing natural facts. This essay focuses on the issues attending the establishment in 1982 of GenBank, the largest and most frequently accessed collection of experimental knowledge in the world. The debates leading to its creation—about the collection and distribution of data, the attribution of credit and authorship, and the proprietary nature of knowledge—illuminate the different moral economies at work in the life sciences in the late twentieth century. They offer perspective on the recent rise of public access publishing and data sharing in science. More broadly, this essay challenges the big picture according to which the rise of experimentalism led to the decline of natural history in the twentieth century. It argues that both traditions have been articulated into a new way of producing knowledge that has become a key practice in science at the beginning of the twenty-first century. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658657
- 9. 441,023 data points in Kenya…
- 10. None of the data about Kenya comes from Kenya
- 11. iNaturalist
- 12. EOL photos in Flickr http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.92668
- 14. 45 million pages, all Open Access
- 15. 100,000 articles from http://biostor.org (BHL) 1923 today
- 16. http://artlawjournal.com/mickey-mouse-keeps-changing-copyright-law/
- 20. 35 years in jail $US 1M fine
- 22. Information wants to be free Information wants to be expensive
- 25. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work
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- 29. Knowing what we know
- 30. • There are known knowns, things we know that we know • There are known unknowns, things we now know we don’t know • But there are also unknown unknowns, things we do not know we don't know
- 31. known unknown
- 33. Mt Mabu on GBIF
- 39. Think this way for a while, and you notice a key factor: old data usually isn’t very interesting. You’ll be much more interested in what your users are doing right now than what they were doing a year ago. Sure, spotting trends in historical data might be cool, but in all likelihood it isn’t actionable. Today’s data is.
- 41. GBIF.org 500+ million records
- 45. • Digitisation and access • Knowing what we know • Actionable information