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Chapter4 emergency preparedness
- 1. 11CHAPTER 4EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
- 2. 2WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY Accident – unexpected event which cause damage@ harm. Happens by chance.
- 3. Emergency – an unforeseen combination of circumstances @ the resulting state that calls for immediate action.
- 4. Disaster – a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage , loss @ destruction 3WHY PREPARE FOR AN EMERGENCY There are unaccounted , unplanned & unexpected event
- 5. Accidents happen at any time and emergency situation is chaotic.
- 6. Emergency often escalates to crisis.
- 7. Regulatory and industry requirement – eg CIMAH Regulations, 1996.
- 8. Responsible care OHSAS 18000, ISSO 14000 , etc
- 9. Communitiess are affected by emergencies.4LEVEL OF EMERGENCY Depends on severity of the incident and capability of the organisation.Level 1If within the capabilities of the organisation.Level 2If external assistance is required: Mutual aid, district or other agencies. MKN Arahan 20 may apply.Level 3State of National Disaster. MKN 20 take over.
- 10. 5GOALS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE Control, reduce or sstop the cause.
- 11. Control situation and limit secondary damage.
- 12. Continue operation and recover quickly.6OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE Save lifePrioritise rescue and first aid.Rescuers must no be put to risk. Save property, asset and reputation
- 13. Save community and the environment7BASIC ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE MANAGEMENTOrganise emergency management team.Identify the accident scenarios and emergency consequences.Identify resources, equipment and facilities.Develop plans and proceduresTrain , drill and exercise.Review system
- 14. 8EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONSEmergency ManagementcommitmentEmergency Management CommitteTo plan for:Mitigation
- 15. Preparedness
- 16. Response
- 17. RecoveryIncident command organisationTake control during incident
- 18. Function :
- 19. Command
- 20. Operation
- 21. Planning
- 22. Logistic
- 23. Admin/ financeEmergency CoordinatorTo coordinate planning
- 24. 9Emergency Management Coordinator And Task Administer and keep current the emergency management programme
- 25. Work with Emergency Management Committe10Emergency Management Committe Ensure preparation, implementation and evaluation of EPR.
- 26. Work with coordinatorMembership – technical & Non technical
- 27. 11Incident command organisation ( Based on Incident Command System )INCIDENT COMMANDER Planning Situation analysis
- 28. Records
- 29. Documents
- 30. StrategyOperationDamage control (e.g fire fighting)
- 31. Rescue
- 32. Evacuation
- 33. Traffic control Logistic Communication
- 34. HR
- 35. ECC
- 36. First aid
- 37. Transport
- 39. Procurement
- 40. Recovery12TASK OF THE INCIDENT ORGANISATION Identify level of emergency response
- 41. Coordinates response action, evacuation, continuity and recovery activities.
- 42. Ensure outside assistance are notified or called upon.
- 43. work with external agencies.
- 44. Complies with appliance statutes or regulations.13INCIDENT COMMAND OPERATIONS TEAMS Depends on the organisation, activities and products. For example: Most organisations will need a team of : - Fire fighter - Evacuation rescuers - First aiders Hazardous chemical plant - Chemical or oil spill team Process plant - Shut down team - Rescue team
- 45. 14EMERGENCY PLANNING Thread and Hazard identification Use imagination, think of the unexpectedAssessssment of emergency scenario Also impacts beyond control such as:Regional communication loss and national power outage.
- 46. Transportation disruption ( floods, broken bridges )
- 47. Plan for Emergency Mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.15TYPES OF POTENTIAL HAZARD Natural events Storms, earthquakes, flood, etc Technology events
- 48. Mechanical problems ( e.g ruptured pipes, metal fatigue ) Chemical spills, aircraft crash, fire ,explosion
- 49. Human events
- 50. Wrong valve open, miscommunication about what to do
- 51. Sabotage, terrorisme16HAZARD CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS – For Emegency And Recovery Plans what hazard are most likely to occur
- 52. What functions or ervices are affected
- 53. in what way the functions could not be perform following a disaster.
- 54. What are the critical functions.
- 55. What actions will protect them.
- 56. What functions has to be restored quickly.17POTENTIAL IMPACT OF HAZARD Health , safety and environment
- 57. Person in affected area.
- 58. Personnel responding to the incident
- 59. Pollution to the environment
- 60. Legal
- 61. Regulatory and contractual obligations
- 62. Business
- 63. Continuity of operations and delivery of services.
- 64. Property, facilities, and infrastructure loss
- 65. Reputaion of the organisation.
- 66. Economic and financial condition.18EMERGENCY PLAN STRATEGY Emergency plan should be capable of dealing with the worst case credible scenario.
- 67. However, detailed planning should concentrate on the more likely events.
- 68. Plans should also be sufficiently flexible to ensure that an emergency response can be verified according to the severity of the incident.19RECOVERING STRATEGY Objectives : Restor functions as early as possible.
- 69. Redundancy or alternatives arranged for identified critical functions.
- 70. Alternative site, supplier arrangement
- 71. Roles and responsibilities for restoration identified- e.g recovery manager and team, communications, utilities, purchasing, Hr and site security.
- 72. 20MITIGATION MEASURE Interim andlong term- to eliminate or reduce impact of hazard that cannot be eliminated.
- 73. Access, escape routes and shelters
- 74. Early warning – Establishment of hazard warning and communication procedures.
- 75. Materials – removal , reduction, modification, segregation, or elimination.
- 76. Heat, fluids. Etc protective system, redundancy, control, of rate of release.
- 77. Structures- building construction standards21RESOURCE PLANNING Based on identified threats and hazards.
- 78. Fire, flood, explosion, spills, collapse
- 79. Existing external and internal resources.
- 80. Identify resource shortfalls and alternate sources.
- 81. Consideration for mutual aid agreements.
- 82. Arrangements with vendors and suppliers.22IDENTIFY FOR EACH THREAT OR HAZARD. Resource and Logistic - Personal training, expert knowledge, materials.Available in timely manner and have the capability to do its intended function.
- 83. Quantity, response time, operability.
- 84. Equipment and facilities-Fire fighting , heavy equipment, medical supplies Miscellaneous- Food, clothing and shelter for evacuees, religious personel, volunteer and social / political groups.
- 85. 23EMERGENCY TO BE MADE AVAILABLE command post
- 86. Identified, equipped, tested and maintained
- 88. Personnel protective equipment list
- 89. Where needed toxic, explosive gas detectors, wind indicators.
- 90. Resources from external sources.24REGULAR TESTOF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES Check and document alarm system frequently.
- 91. Frequent tests of fire fighting equipment25IMMEDIATE STRATEGIC PLANS Identification of vital personnel ( core team ) systems, operations and equipments.
- 92. Priorities for restoration and mitigation.
- 93. Acceptable downtime before restoration to a minimum level.
- 94. Minimum resources needed to accomplish the restoration.26PLANS Written plans
- 95. Strategic
- 96. Operationss
- 97. Mitigation
- 98. Recovery plans
- 99. Roles and responsibilities
- 100. Incident commander, recovery manager, communication and public relations.
- 101. Lines of authority27EMERGENCY OPERATING MANUALS For refer during an emergency.
- 102. Who does what, information and data.
- 103. Balance between overview and detailed response.
- 104. Need to know, nice to know.
- 105. Sound understanding enables flexibility.
- 106. simple language28INCIDENT PROCEDURES Control of access to the area.
- 107. Identification of personnel at the incident
- 108. Accounting for personnel in incident activities.
- 109. Accounting for person affected, displaced, or injured by the emergency.
- 110. Mobilisation and demobilisation of resources.29TRAININGFamiliarisation
- 111. Manual familiarisation, specific courses ( chemical fire, rescue, decontamination, media etc )
- 112. Personnel readliness
- 113. Know the fundamental role
- 114. Know your way around the manual.
- 115. Have your personal aid ready
- 116. Know the early action well.
- 117. Ensure alternate is ready. 30EXERCISE AND DRILLS Types and subjects
- 118. Types : Simulated, “ Real “
- 119. Subjects : Operational, security, Commercial.
- 120. Preparation for exercise
- 121. Scenarios, timing of events, roles ( including media ) and resources.
- 122. Secret but forewarn other parties as necessary.31EVALUATION Plan should be reviewed anually and updated as necessary.
- 123. Be re- evaluated when :
- 124. There are changes ( Regulatory, new hazard, existing hazard changes )
- 125. resources or organizational structure change.
- 126. After test, drills or exercise
- 127. After disaster responses