Cholera in community health nursing
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This document provides information on cholera including its incidence, signs and symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacteria. It kills approximately 95,000 people in India each year and infects 2.9 million. Symptoms include watery diarrhea and vomiting which can lead to rapid dehydration. It is transmitted by drinking or eating contaminated food or water. Diagnosis involves culture, microscopy and biochemical testing of stool samples. Prevention focuses on drinking safe water, hand washing and properly cooking food. Treatment involves oral rehydration and antibiotics.
![AGENT: Vibrio
cholerae
Environment: 1] Contaminated
food and water.
2] Summer(dry) and Rainy
season(wet)
HOST: 1] All ages( both sex)
2] Children are more
susceptible host then adults
under 5 years.
EPIDEMOLOGICAL TRIADS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cholera2080-210610062142/85/Cholera-in-community-health-nursing-5-320.jpg)
Cholera in community health nursing
- 1. PRESENTATION ON CHOLERA •Submitted by; Azhar azeem bhatti
- 2. INTRODUCTION :- • Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of an intestine with bacteria Vibrio cholerae . • Cholera is an infectious disease that cause severe watery diarrhoea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. Cholera
- 3. INCIDENCE & PREVELENCE RATE INCIDENCE RATE :- Kills (approx.) 95000 Peoples in India per year. Infected peoples about 2.9 millions per year. • PREVELENCE RATE :- Less than 5000 cases per year in India.
- 4. DEFINITION :- • Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the infection of intestine caused by “Vibro cholerae” • Causative agent if cholera is Vibrio cholerae. Typical cases of cholera is characterized by :- 1. Purging 2. Vomiting leading to rapid dehydration even death also occurs.
- 5. AGENT: Vibrio cholerae Environment: 1] Contaminated food and water. 2] Summer(dry) and Rainy season(wet) HOST: 1] All ages( both sex) 2] Children are more susceptible host then adults under 5 years. EPIDEMOLOGICAL TRIADS
- 6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Common signs & symptoms :- 1. watery diarrhea. 2. nausea. 3. vomiting. 4. dehydration. Severe signs and symptoms :- 1.Low blood pressure. 2.Rapid heart rate. 3.Persistent vomiting.
- 7. INCUBATION PERIOD :- •Ranges from few hours (2 hours) to five days .
- 8. SOURCES & MODE OF TRANSMISSION • Drinking contaminated water. • Eating contaminated food. • Eating raw or undercooked shellfish that are naturally contaminated. • Ingestion of contaminated food that are contaminated by hands and flies (houseflies). • Food and drinks sold by street vendors.
- 9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION :- • Culture method :- by stool sample we can get causative agent. Microscopy :- Dark field microscopy. Biochemical tests :- Sugar fermentation Catalase test
- 10. PREVENTIONS AND CONTROL • Drink and use safe water. • Wash hands often with soap and safe water. • Cook food well, keep it covered , and peel fruits and vegetables. • Clean up safely – in the kitchen and in place where the family baths and washes clothes. • Remove and wash any bedding and clothing that may have/ had contact with diarrheal tool, preferably in washing machines , in worm or hot water.
- 11. CONTROL :- • Health care providers should take precautions to prevent the spread of cholera in clinical settings. • Hand washing with soap and clean water. • If no water and soap are available , use an alcohol based hand cleaner. • Several chlorine solutions can be used for disinfection such as 2% chlorine.
- 12. TREATMENT :- • Rehydration • In severe cases rehydration rate by I/V is 50- 100ml/kg/hour. • Antibiotic treatment In adults :- Doxycycline- 300mg / PO / single dose. Ciprofloxacine- 1g/ PO / single dose. or Azithromycin. In pregnant womens :- erythromycin _ 500mg , q6h X 3days