Cleaner production concepts for chemical processing of si
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The document discusses cleaner production concepts for chemical processing of silk. It defines cleaner production as a preventative approach to environmental management that applies preventative measures for environmentally friendly production to increase process efficiency and reduce risks. Some key applications discussed are conserving raw materials, water and energy and reducing toxicity of emissions and wastewater. The benefits outlined are reduction in raw material and energy consumption, less waste generation, lower treatment costs, and improved efficiency and product quality. Pollution prevention through source reduction rather than treatment is positioned as the best strategy. Various pollution prevention techniques for the silk processing industry are also highlighted.
Cleaner production concepts for chemical processing of si
- 1. CLEANER PRODUCTION CONCEPTS FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF SILK Prof.R.B.Chavan Dept. of Textile Technology Indian Institute of Technology Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016 E-mail [email protected]
- 2. Definition Preventive approach to environment management Continuous application of Preventive measures for environment friendly production Increase in process efficiency Reduced risk to humans and environment as a whole
- 3. Application Conserving raw materials, water and energy Reducing the toxicity of all air emmision and water
- 4. Benefits Reduction in consumption of raw materials and energy Reduce generation of waste A way to be Reduction in cost of effluent treatment Improvement in production efficiency and product quality
- 6. Advantages of cleaner production Improvements in products and processes Increased competitiveness through the use of new and improved technologies, Generation of less waste, savings in treatment costs, Reuse or recycling of wastes, Green products image, Energy efficiency, conservation of resources, Reduced liability associated with the treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes, Improved health , safety and morale of employees, Compliance with governmental regulations and enhanced public acceptance, Compliance in attaining sustainable development.
- 8. Pollution prevention conventional waste treatment often causes only a transfer of waste from one phase to another. Treatment usually results in the generation of solids, sometimes hazardous, which are buried in a landfill. Disposal of waste in a landfill can result in groundwater contamination, gas formation and problems with odors. In other words, waste treatment is not necessarily a cure.
- 9. Pollution prevention As regulations’ become more stringent, companies are forced toward more technologically sophisticated treatment methods. This results in an increased cost for waste management and sometimes forces companies to go out of business. More and more companies realize that reducing the waste at the source is necessary to reduce the cost of treatment.
- 10. Pollution prevention Pollution prevention is defined as those measures that eliminate or reduce pollution prior to off-site recycling or treatment. Pollution prevention does not only reduce water pollution, but also minimizes the release of pollutants to land and air. Source reduction stands at the top of the waste management hierarchy Off-site recycling is not considered a pollution prevention measure. Treatment and safe disposal are listed at the bottom of the hierarchy
- 11. Pollution prevention Strategy Best way to reduce pollution to prevent it in the first place. Managing waste through source reduction Waste treatment as a last alternative.
- 12. Pollution prevention Strategy Quality control of raw materials. Perform tests on raw materials shortly after receipt. Purchase raw materials in returnable containers. Chemical Substitution Replace chemicals with less-polluting ones. Process Modification Use low-liquor ratio dyeing machines. Use countercurrent washing to reduce water use.
- 14. Pollution prevention Strategy Optimize process conditions. Combine processes. Process Water Reuse and Recycle Reuse dyebaths. Reuse rinse baths. Install autornaied dosing systems and dye machine controllers.
- 15. Pollution prevention Strategy Good Operating Practices Schedule dyeing operations to minimize machine cleaning. Optimize housekeeping practices. Adopt worker training programs.
- 16. Reducing Water Consumption Repair Leaks, Faulty Valves, etc. Turn off Running Taps and Hoses Reduce the Number of Process Steps. Optimise Process Water Use. Recycle condensed steam Re-use Process Water Using Water Efficient Processes and Equipment Sweeping Floors
- 17. Reducing Chemical Consumption Recipe Optimisation Chemical Substitution Review chemicals used in the factory and replace those hazardous to the environment with those that have less of an impact. Use dyes that have high exhaustion rates and require less salt. replace metal-containing dyes use bi-reactive dyes in place of mono-reactive avoid the use of APEO detergents and replace with more biodegradable alternatives replace stilbene optical brighteners with alternatives, or eliminate altogether
- 18. Water conservation in silk processing Degumming Dyeing Printing Finishing
- 19. Degumming Methods Boiling with soap Boiling with alkali Enzyme degumming Treatment with water at high temperature Sequence Treatment Wash Wash Recycle second wash liquor for washing after degumming
- 20. Dyeing Acid Metal complex Reactive Direct Polluting agents Salt Colour Acid detergents
- 21. Use low liquor dyeing machines for reduced salt consumption Use dyes with high exhaustion properties