Colour Based Cryptography
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This document proposes a new color-based cryptography method called Play Color Cipher (PCC) as an improvement over traditional substitution ciphers. PCC works by substituting characters, numbers, and symbols with color blocks, where each color is represented by RGB values. During encryption, the plaintext is divided into blocks and the ASCII value of each character is encoded into one of the RGB channels of the corresponding color block. With over 16 million possible color combinations, PCC aims to increase complexity for attackers compared to other ciphers. The document outlines the encryption and decryption algorithms and argues that PCC can help strengthen security against common attacks like brute force and known/chosen plaintext attacks by vastly increasing the search space.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1431
Colour Based Cryptography
Dinesh Sharma1, Rohit Prasad2, Gunraj Bedi3, Archita Dad4
1Student, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India.
2Student, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India.
3Student, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India.
4Asst.Professor, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India.
--------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract-In the increasing concern of the data security
,most commonly method is encryption of messege to cipher
text message ,which are based on various strategies to
encode. traditional method is to convert the message to
cipher text by substitution , swapping ,transposition etc.
Transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the
positions held by units of plaintext (which are commonly
characters or groups of characters) are shifted according to
a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a
permutation of the plaintext. Whereas ,we are using an
innovative cryptographic substitution method. where we
proposed to generate a stronger cipher than the existing
substitution algorithms. This method emphasizes on the
substitution of characters, numbers and special symbols
with color blocks. This algorithm of substitution is based on
Play Color Cipher.As there are n decillion of color with wide
range of shades are available so the complexity for the
attacker increase and that gives the assurance of strong
cipher.
Keywords:
Play Color Cipher(PCC),Color substitution,Color
block,Color code.
1. INTRODUCTION:
Information Security which refers to securing
information in potentially hostile environments is a
crucial factor in the growth of information-based
processes in industry, business, and companies[1].
Cryptography is a key technology for achieving
information security in the various aspects such as
communications,computersystems, electronic
commerce, and in the emerging information
society[3]. Basically Cryptography requires some
kind mathematical processing in order to
successfully encrypt or decrypt data[2].Many
Cryptographic terms has been developed throughout
the year which have a great impact in the world of
Cyber Security. Two types of Cryptographic algorithm
are used throughout the world i.e: Public key
Cryptography and Private Key Cryptography[4].DES
is a Private key cipher algorithm, in which
cryptographic key and algorithm are applied to the
block simultaneously instead of one bit at a time. AES
is also a private key cipher algorithm which is used to
protect useful information and is implemented in
software and hardware throughout the world to
secure sensitive data. RSA is a Public key
Cryptographic algorithm which is used for securing
sensitive data with the help of two keys, when being
sent over an insecure network such as the
Internet[1].There is also a Visual
cryptography technique that allows pictures to be
encrypted in such a way that decryption should be
done via sight reading.
1.1 NEED:
Existing Cryptographic algorithms are nowadays not
enough to fully secure the information/files that
should not be in the hands of the unauthorized
people .There are many ways the data can be hacked
or leaked by finding the loopholes or flaw in the data
or the system even though they are encrypted. Brute
force is a trial and error technique which helps to
obtain user password or personal identification
number of the system[4].The Meet-in-the-Middle
attack is a type of attack where attacker targets the
block cipher cryptographic function and applies the
brute force technique to both plaintext and the
ciphertext block and then attempt to encrypt the
plaintext according to the various key to achieve an
intermediate ciphertext[7].Meet in the middle attack
mainly gather the information but cannot change the
information. A birthday attack is a type
of cryptographic attack that can be used to abuse
communication between two or more parties[2].The](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i1278-171110083600/85/Colour-Based-Cryptography-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1432
attack depends on the higher likelihood
of collisions found between random attack attempts
and a fixed degree of permutations. DES uses a 64-bit
key, but eight bits are used for parity checking,
effectively limiting the key to 56-bits. Hence, it would
take a maximum of 2^56 attempts to find the correct
key which can be now done easily with the help of
DES key generator software[5].Similarly AES keys
depends on the rounds used in the process of
encryption which can be very useful to the to attack if
he/she knows the process. All of the above problems
can be overcomed or can be reduced by using our
technique. For this only 3 parameters (RGB) have
been used where, each channel has a color range of 0-
255[1]. Maximum number of color combinations is
1,67,77,216 in decimal. It will be very exhausting to
try out all possible combinations. Hence that the
brute force attack is not possible[3]. Also, there are
18 Decillions of colors in the world of computer.
Thus, if man in the middle, known plain text, known
cipher text attacks is considered, it will be impossible
to guess or decrypt the plain text just by obtaining
the color image[9].Also this technique will ensure the
plaintext size reduced by 4 times in a lossless
manner.
2.LITERATURE SURVEY:
3.TECHNOLOGY USED:
an object-oriented programming language known as C#
having strong typing, essential, declarative, efficient, class-
based is used to implement this research
Sr
No.
Paper Year Description
1 Cryptography
based on Color
Substitution
April
2014
In this paper, an
innovative
cryptographic
method is
proposed to
generate a
stronger cipher
the existing
substitution
algorithms. This
method on the
substitution of
characters,
numbers and
symbols with
color blocks.
2 Securing
Informative
Text using
Color Visual
cryptography.
February
2016
The aim of this
project is to
provide secure
communication
between two
parties. So, that
secret
message/data
cannot be
compromise.
3 Extended
Visual
Cryptography
for Color
shares using
Random
Number
Generators
August
2012
The concept of
visual
information
pixel (VIP)
synchronization
and error
diffusion is used
to attain a color
visual
cryptography
encryption
method that
produces
meaningful color
shares with high
visual quality.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i1278-171110083600/85/Colour-Based-Cryptography-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1433
4. WORKING
Fig 1. Representation of the working.
Fig 1. Shows the working pattern of our technique.In this we will create a Windows platform software that will
convert the plain-text into the color block image which will be represented as a bitmap-Image
4.1 ALGORITHM:
A] ENCRYPTION PART:
1. Accept the text file and the key.
2. Separate the text into individual characters.
3. Specify the size of the block, color-channel
(R/G/B) and a color (RGB value).
4. Depending on the block-size (say x), divide the
picture box into a grid of blocks, each of size x
5. Add the ASCII value of every character and put the
value in the color-channel that is selected.
6. For the remaining 2 channels, put the value of the
Color from 0-255,This should be user input.
7. Originate the bitmap image
8. Generate the Key.
9. Send the image to the intended reciever
UTPUT AFTER ENCRYPTION:
Fig2.Representation of output
Fig 2. Shows the output that is obtained after the
encryption process.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i1278-171110083600/85/Colour-Based-Cryptography-3-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1434
B] DECRYPTION PART:
1. Add the ASCII value of every character and put the
value in the color-channel selected.
2. For the remaining channels, put the value of the
Color that was given by the user.
3. Originate the bitmap image.
4. Generate the Key.
5. Send the image to the intended receiver.
6. Subtract the blocks position from that value.
7. Convert the resulting value into character and
obtain the text.
8. Decrypt the text using the decryption process of
the encryption algorithm used.
9. Get the original text back.
5.CONCLUSION:
An innovative approach presented in this paper
makes information secure by color substitution. The
cryptanalysis carried out on this experiment shows
that this technique has great potential as it eliminates
major attacks like brute force, man in the middle,
known plain text and known cipher text attacks. In
future, the figures, tables etc. can be included in the
plaintext for conversion and hence the scope of the
algorithm can be increased. To generate a stronger
cipher, the number of parameters can be increased
for generation of the color to get 18 Decillions of
color combinations. This can be used for languages
other than English by making some minor changes.
6.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
We Would like to express our gratitude to miss
Archita Dad for her constant guidance and support
also we would like to thank library and computer
center department of our college who helped us to
carry out our research.
7. REFERENCES:
[1] Aditya gaitonde 2012. Color Coded Cryptography,
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research, Volume 3, Issue 7.
[2] Andrey Bogdanov, Dmitry Khovratovich, Christian
Rechberger, 2011, Biclique Cryptanalysis of the Full
AES, Crypto 2011 cryptology conference, Santa
Barbara, California.
[3] Prof. K. Ravindra,Dr.S.Udaya Kumar, Dr.A.Vinaya
Babu and Dr.Thirupathi Reddy, 2010. A
block cipher generation using color substitution,
International Journal of Computer Applications Vol-1.
[4] Sastry V.U.K, S. Udaya Kumar and A. Vinaya babu,
2006. A large block cipher using modular arithmetic
inverse of a key matrix and mixing of the key matrix
and the plain text. Journal of Computer Science, 2.
[5] Pritha Johar, Santosh Easo and K K Johar, 2012. “A
Novel Approach to Substitution Play Color Cipher”,
International Journal of Next Generation Computer
Application Volume 1.
[6] Jay Hilyard and Stephen Teilbet, C# 3.0 Cookbook,
3rd edition, 2007.
[7] Nguyen, H. Number Theory and the RSA Public
Key Cryptosystem.
[8] B.A.Forouzan, Cryptography and Network
Security, 4th edition, 2008.
[9] Christian Gross, Beginning C# 2008 From Novice
to Professional Second Edition 2008.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i1278-171110083600/85/Colour-Based-Cryptography-4-320.jpg)
Colour Based Cryptography
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1431 Colour Based Cryptography Dinesh Sharma1, Rohit Prasad2, Gunraj Bedi3, Archita Dad4 1Student, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India. 2Student, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India. 3Student, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India. 4Asst.Professor, dept of Computer Engineering, Atharva College , Maharashtra, India. --------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract-In the increasing concern of the data security ,most commonly method is encryption of messege to cipher text message ,which are based on various strategies to encode. traditional method is to convert the message to cipher text by substitution , swapping ,transposition etc. Transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the positions held by units of plaintext (which are commonly characters or groups of characters) are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext. Whereas ,we are using an innovative cryptographic substitution method. where we proposed to generate a stronger cipher than the existing substitution algorithms. This method emphasizes on the substitution of characters, numbers and special symbols with color blocks. This algorithm of substitution is based on Play Color Cipher.As there are n decillion of color with wide range of shades are available so the complexity for the attacker increase and that gives the assurance of strong cipher. Keywords: Play Color Cipher(PCC),Color substitution,Color block,Color code. 1. INTRODUCTION: Information Security which refers to securing information in potentially hostile environments is a crucial factor in the growth of information-based processes in industry, business, and companies[1]. Cryptography is a key technology for achieving information security in the various aspects such as communications,computersystems, electronic commerce, and in the emerging information society[3]. Basically Cryptography requires some kind mathematical processing in order to successfully encrypt or decrypt data[2].Many Cryptographic terms has been developed throughout the year which have a great impact in the world of Cyber Security. Two types of Cryptographic algorithm are used throughout the world i.e: Public key Cryptography and Private Key Cryptography[4].DES is a Private key cipher algorithm, in which cryptographic key and algorithm are applied to the block simultaneously instead of one bit at a time. AES is also a private key cipher algorithm which is used to protect useful information and is implemented in software and hardware throughout the world to secure sensitive data. RSA is a Public key Cryptographic algorithm which is used for securing sensitive data with the help of two keys, when being sent over an insecure network such as the Internet[1].There is also a Visual cryptography technique that allows pictures to be encrypted in such a way that decryption should be done via sight reading. 1.1 NEED: Existing Cryptographic algorithms are nowadays not enough to fully secure the information/files that should not be in the hands of the unauthorized people .There are many ways the data can be hacked or leaked by finding the loopholes or flaw in the data or the system even though they are encrypted. Brute force is a trial and error technique which helps to obtain user password or personal identification number of the system[4].The Meet-in-the-Middle attack is a type of attack where attacker targets the block cipher cryptographic function and applies the brute force technique to both plaintext and the ciphertext block and then attempt to encrypt the plaintext according to the various key to achieve an intermediate ciphertext[7].Meet in the middle attack mainly gather the information but cannot change the information. A birthday attack is a type of cryptographic attack that can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties[2].The
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1432 attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations. DES uses a 64-bit key, but eight bits are used for parity checking, effectively limiting the key to 56-bits. Hence, it would take a maximum of 2^56 attempts to find the correct key which can be now done easily with the help of DES key generator software[5].Similarly AES keys depends on the rounds used in the process of encryption which can be very useful to the to attack if he/she knows the process. All of the above problems can be overcomed or can be reduced by using our technique. For this only 3 parameters (RGB) have been used where, each channel has a color range of 0- 255[1]. Maximum number of color combinations is 1,67,77,216 in decimal. It will be very exhausting to try out all possible combinations. Hence that the brute force attack is not possible[3]. Also, there are 18 Decillions of colors in the world of computer. Thus, if man in the middle, known plain text, known cipher text attacks is considered, it will be impossible to guess or decrypt the plain text just by obtaining the color image[9].Also this technique will ensure the plaintext size reduced by 4 times in a lossless manner. 2.LITERATURE SURVEY: 3.TECHNOLOGY USED: an object-oriented programming language known as C# having strong typing, essential, declarative, efficient, class- based is used to implement this research Sr No. Paper Year Description 1 Cryptography based on Color Substitution April 2014 In this paper, an innovative cryptographic method is proposed to generate a stronger cipher the existing substitution algorithms. This method on the substitution of characters, numbers and symbols with color blocks. 2 Securing Informative Text using Color Visual cryptography. February 2016 The aim of this project is to provide secure communication between two parties. So, that secret message/data cannot be compromise. 3 Extended Visual Cryptography for Color shares using Random Number Generators August 2012 The concept of visual information pixel (VIP) synchronization and error diffusion is used to attain a color visual cryptography encryption method that produces meaningful color shares with high visual quality.
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1433 4. WORKING Fig 1. Representation of the working. Fig 1. Shows the working pattern of our technique.In this we will create a Windows platform software that will convert the plain-text into the color block image which will be represented as a bitmap-Image 4.1 ALGORITHM: A] ENCRYPTION PART: 1. Accept the text file and the key. 2. Separate the text into individual characters. 3. Specify the size of the block, color-channel (R/G/B) and a color (RGB value). 4. Depending on the block-size (say x), divide the picture box into a grid of blocks, each of size x 5. Add the ASCII value of every character and put the value in the color-channel that is selected. 6. For the remaining 2 channels, put the value of the Color from 0-255,This should be user input. 7. Originate the bitmap image 8. Generate the Key. 9. Send the image to the intended reciever UTPUT AFTER ENCRYPTION: Fig2.Representation of output Fig 2. Shows the output that is obtained after the encryption process.
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1434 B] DECRYPTION PART: 1. Add the ASCII value of every character and put the value in the color-channel selected. 2. For the remaining channels, put the value of the Color that was given by the user. 3. Originate the bitmap image. 4. Generate the Key. 5. Send the image to the intended receiver. 6. Subtract the blocks position from that value. 7. Convert the resulting value into character and obtain the text. 8. Decrypt the text using the decryption process of the encryption algorithm used. 9. Get the original text back. 5.CONCLUSION: An innovative approach presented in this paper makes information secure by color substitution. The cryptanalysis carried out on this experiment shows that this technique has great potential as it eliminates major attacks like brute force, man in the middle, known plain text and known cipher text attacks. In future, the figures, tables etc. can be included in the plaintext for conversion and hence the scope of the algorithm can be increased. To generate a stronger cipher, the number of parameters can be increased for generation of the color to get 18 Decillions of color combinations. This can be used for languages other than English by making some minor changes. 6.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: We Would like to express our gratitude to miss Archita Dad for her constant guidance and support also we would like to thank library and computer center department of our college who helped us to carry out our research. 7. REFERENCES: [1] Aditya gaitonde 2012. Color Coded Cryptography, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 7. [2] Andrey Bogdanov, Dmitry Khovratovich, Christian Rechberger, 2011, Biclique Cryptanalysis of the Full AES, Crypto 2011 cryptology conference, Santa Barbara, California. [3] Prof. K. Ravindra,Dr.S.Udaya Kumar, Dr.A.Vinaya Babu and Dr.Thirupathi Reddy, 2010. A block cipher generation using color substitution, International Journal of Computer Applications Vol-1. [4] Sastry V.U.K, S. Udaya Kumar and A. Vinaya babu, 2006. A large block cipher using modular arithmetic inverse of a key matrix and mixing of the key matrix and the plain text. Journal of Computer Science, 2. [5] Pritha Johar, Santosh Easo and K K Johar, 2012. “A Novel Approach to Substitution Play Color Cipher”, International Journal of Next Generation Computer Application Volume 1. [6] Jay Hilyard and Stephen Teilbet, C# 3.0 Cookbook, 3rd edition, 2007. [7] Nguyen, H. Number Theory and the RSA Public Key Cryptosystem. [8] B.A.Forouzan, Cryptography and Network Security, 4th edition, 2008. [9] Christian Gross, Beginning C# 2008 From Novice to Professional Second Edition 2008.