Communal riots occur due to socio-cultural differences between communities in India. Contributing factors include a gap between expectations and achievement due to economic, social, or political changes, as well as inequality based on religion or caste. Major communal riots in India's history include those in Calcutta (1946), during Partition (1947), the Delhi Sikh massacre (1984), Bhagalpur (1989), Hyderabad (1990), Kashmir (1990), Ayodhya (1992), Bombay (1993), and Gujarat (2002). The Gujarat riots led to segregation of Hindu and Muslim localities and significant property damage, loss of life, and disabilities. To remedy the situation, impartial