This document discusses the differences between constructors and methods in Java. Constructors are used to initialize instance variables when an object is created, while methods expose the behavior of an object. Constructors are implicitly invoked during object creation but methods must be explicitly called. Constructors do not have a return type but methods must specify a return type. The constructor name matches the class name but method names can vary, and constructors are provided by the compiler if not defined while methods are not.