The document discusses globalization as the rapid and continuous movement of goods, services, capital, technology, and culture across borders, defining its key aspects including political, economic, and socio-cultural interconnections. It highlights the historical context of globalization, tracing its evolution from the late 19th century through the World Wars to the modern era characterized by increased international trade and communication. Additionally, it outlines the benefits and challenges of globalization, noting both the competitive advantages it offers and the inequities experienced by certain nations.